Comparing home polysomnography with transcutaneous CO monitoring to laboratory polysomnography in children with neuromuscular disorders.

Study Objectives: Clinical utility of home polysomnography in children with neuromuscular disorders is limited by lack of evidence that sleep-disordered breathing can be reliably identified and inability to diagnose hypoventilation as carbon dioxide is not measured.

Methods: This study aimed to determine feasibility, accuracy and parent satisfaction for home polysomnography performed with a Type 2 portable monitoring device and a transcutaneous CO monitor. Results of laboratory and home polysomnography were compared with Mann-Whitney U tests and random intercept regression models.

Prevalence of tracheobronchomalacia is higher than previously reported in children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is estimated to be present in 1 in 2100 children. Previous reports suggest the prevalence is higher in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). This has clinical implications with potential to influence airway clearance and lung health.

Factors influencing participation in home, school, and community settings by children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders: A qualitative descriptive study.

Aim: This study explored how children and adolescents with a neuromuscular disorder (NMD) and their parents experienced barriers and enablers to the child's participation.

Method: This was a qualitative descriptive design. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted (n = 13 mothers, n = 4 fathers, n = 8 children and adolescents) including one to three family members for each interview according to their preference.

Posaconazole-induced hypertension in children with cystic fibrosis.

Posaconazole is a triazole antifungal with a broad spectrum of activity against moulds including Aspergillus spp. Emerging data suggest posaconazole may be effective in the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) complicating cystic fibrosis (CF). Rarely, posaconazole can cause pseudohyperaldosteronism, manifesting as hypertension and electrolyte abnormalities, with a number of cases recently reported in individuals without CF.

Comparison of home ambulatory type 2 polysomnography with a portable monitoring device and in-laboratory type 1 polysomnography for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in children.

Study Objectives: To compare type 2 polysomnography (T2PSG) to the gold standard type 1 in-laboratory polysomnography (T1PSG) for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children; validate home T2PSG in children with suspected OSA.

Methods: Eighty-one participants (ages 6-18) with suspected OSA had simultaneous T1PSG and T2PSG in the sleep laboratory, 47 participants (ages 5-16) had T1PSG in the sleep laboratory and T2PSG performed at home. Sleep scientists staged and scored polysomnography data, and pediatric sleep physicians assigned a diagnosis of normal or OSA.

Highlights from the Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation 2020 Conference.

The Respiratory Intensive Care Assembly of the European Respiratory Society organised the first Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Conference in Berlin in February 2020. The conference covered acute and chronic respiratory failure in both adults and children. During this 3-day conference, patient selection, diagnostic strategies and treatment options were discussed by international experts.

Transition for Adolescents and Young Adults With Asthma.

Asthma is a complex, heterogenous medical condition which is very common in children and adults. The transition process from pediatric to adult health care services can be a challenge for young people with chronic medical conditions. The significant changes in physical and mental health during this time, as well as the many unique developmental and psychosocial challenges that occur during adolescence can complicate and impede transition if not adequately addressed and managed.

Management issues for adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

The healthy adolescent will encounter major changes in biological and psychosocial domains. The adolescent period can be greatly affected by a chronic illness. Cystic fibrosis is a terminal illness that can significantly affect an adolescent's biological, mental and psychosocial health.

Air travel and the risks of hypoxia in children.

In infants and children with chronic respiratory disease, hypoxia is a potential risk of aircraft travel. Although guidelines have been published to assist clinicians in assessing an individual's fitness to fly, they are not wholly evidence based. In addition, most evidence relates to adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and thus cannot be extrapolated to children and infants.