Irrigation of human prepared root canal--ex vivo based computational fluid dynamics analysis.

Aim: To analyze the influence of the needle type, insertion depth, and irrigant flow rate on irrigant flow pattern, flow velocity, and apical pressure by ex-vivo based endodontic irrigation computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis.

Methods: Human upper canine root canal was prepared using rotary files. Contrast fluid was introduced in the root canal and scanned by computed tomography (CT) providing a three-dimensional object that was exported to the computer-assisted design (CAD) software.

[Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for the treatment of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms--report of three cases].

Authors report three cases of patients with iatrogenic, postcatheterization femoral artery pseudoaneurysms successfully treated with percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI). The technique of UGTI is described, as well as advantages and complications of this method. These cases highlight the role of UGTI in the management of the postcatheterization pseudoaneurysms.