The influence of puberty on vitamin D status in obese children and the possible relation between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance.

Background: Puberty can affect vitamin D levels.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to analyze the relation between vitamin D deficiency and puberty in obese Spanish children, along with the possible interrelation between vitamin D status and degree of insulin resistance.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which clinical and biochemical data were gathered from 120 obese and 50 normal weight children between January 2011 and January 2013.

Metabolic control and chronic complications during a 3-year follow-up period in a cohort of type 2 diabetic patients attended in primary care in the Community of Madrid (Spain).

Background: Our aim was to analyze both metabolic control and chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients regularly attended in primary care during a 3 years of follow-up in the Community of Madrid (Spain).

Methods: From 2007 to 2010 we prospectively included 3268 patients with T2D attended by 153 primary care physicians from 51 family health centers. An prospective cohort study with annual evaluation over 3 years to the same population was performed.

Parenteral nutrition-associated hyperglycemia in non-critically ill inpatients increases the risk of in-hospital mortality (multicenter study).

Objective: Hyperglycemia may increase mortality in patients who receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN). However, this has not been well studied in noncritically ill patients (i.e.

Circulating kisspeptin levels exhibit sexual dimorphism in adults, are increased in obese prepubertal girls and do not suffer modifications in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty.

The system KISS1-KISS1R is one of the main regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and constitutes a link between metabolism and reproduction through its interaction with leptin. The aim of this study was to clarify the possible utility of kisspeptin as a pubertal marker and/or the possible influence of nutritional status in kisspeptin levels. To this end, we have studied kisspeptin plasma levels throughout sexual development and in prepubertal obese girls and girls affected by idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP).

Insulin action in adipose tissue in type 1 diabetes.

Background: Insulin action has been reported to be normal in type 1 diabetic patients. However, some studies have reported an insulin resistance state in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate insulin resistance in a group of type 1 diabetic patients.

Plasma kisspeptin levels are elevated in cord blood and present sexual dimorphism in the adult population: relation with leptin, gonadotropins and anthropometrical data.

Kisspeptin, the product of the hypothalamic KISS1 gene, is a main regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and could be a link between metabolism and reproduction through its interaction with leptin. Kisspeptin could be involved in gonadotropin regulation and responsive to leptin levels from the first stages of life, exhibiting, as does leptin, sexual dimorphism. To test our hypothesis, we have analyzed plasma kisspeptin levels and their possible relationship with gonadotropins and leptin in a cohort composed of newborns (n = 86) and adults (n = 55).

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is a good marker of cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents.

Objective: We intend to assess the utility of the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a marker of cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents.

Methods: The study included children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 2 SDS. All the patients had their blood pressure taken and hs-CRP, hepatic function, lipid profile and uric acid were determined after 12 h of fasting.

Gross SDHB deletions in patients with paraganglioma detected by multiplex PCR: a possible hot spot?

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise in the adrenal medulla and the extra-adrenal paraganglia, respectively. Inheritance of these tumors is mainly a result of mutations affecting the VHL, RET, NF1, and SDH genes. Germ-line mutations of the SDH genes have been found to account for nearly 10% of apparently sporadic cases.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation is required for sulfonylurea stimulation of glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle.

Sulfonylureas are drugs widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to their pancreatic effect of stimulating insulin secretion, many studies suggest that sulfonylureas also have extrapancreatic actions. We have previously reported that gliclazide, a second-generation sulfonylurea, stimulates the glucose uptake by rat hindquarter skeletal muscle directly and immediately by promoting the translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane.