Does ultrasound evaluation of the axilla increase the rate of axillary lymph node dissection in early stage clinically node negative breast cancer patients?

Background: Management and axillary staging of breast cancer has become less invasive and more conservative, over the decades. Considering Z011, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) can be avoided in T1-2 N0-1 breast cancers with one or two positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), if they are candidates for breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to recognize if pre-operative axillary US evaluation in early-stage breast cancer could lead to more ALND in post Z011 era.

Validation of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Technique to Wire Localization of Sentinel Lymph Node in Patients with Early Breast Cancer.

Axillary staging is one of the primary steps in management of Breast cancer patients. Current standard methods including blue dye and radicolloid have limitations and disadvantages. In this study, the feasibility of visualization of lymph node pathways and localization of SLN with the help of CEUS was assessed.

Plasma levels of homocysteine in Buerger's sufferers and healthy heavy smokers and non-smokers.

Background: Our aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between homocysteine levels and Buerger's disease in a case-control study.

Methods: 25 patients with Buerger's disease based on Shionoya's clinical criteria, and 25 heavy smokers along with 25 healthy non-smokers (control) were recruited for this study. All groups were matched for age.