Urinary C-peptide and urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio as markers for insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents.

Background: Obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Identifying high-risk obese children affected with IR is crucial to apply preventive management. We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of urinary C-peptide (UCP) and urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) to diagnose IR in obese children.

Comparative study of the efficacy of captopril, simvastatin, and L-carnitine as cardioprotective drugs in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of captopril, simvastatin, and L-carnitine as cardioprotective drugs in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus on different echocardiographic parameters, electrocardiographic parameter, lipid profile, and carotid intima-media thickness.

Methods: This randomised controlled trial was conducted on 100 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than 3 years during the period from September 2018 to June 2020. Fifty healthy children of matched age and sex served as a control group.

Urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio to differentiate type 2 diabetes mellitus from type 1 in pediatric patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently misdiagnosed in children and treated as type 1 DM (T1DM) with insulin. Urinary C-peptide to creatinine ratio (UCPCR) can be used to measure ß cell function and endogenous insulin. We aimed to assess the value of UCPCR to differentiate T2DM from T1DM in pediatric patients.

Predictive risk factors of steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome in children.

Background: Development of steroid dependency is one of the difficult problems in the management of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, leading to increased morbidity, complications and cost of treatment. Thus, predicting early in the disease course will be useful in counseling parents and may improve treatment strategy.

Objectives: To determine the clinical characteristics that can predict the development of steroid dependency early in the initial episodes of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS).

Penile and Testicular Measurements in Male Neonates and Infants: Single Center Egyptian Study.

Background: Universal reference values of penile length, circumferences and testicular volume in newborns and infants are inappropriate to be used in variable ethnic backgrounds.

Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to establish normal reference values for stretched penile length, penile circumference and testicular volume for Egyptian newborn and infants.

Subjects And Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 1850 healthy male full term newborn and infants applied for routine check-up, aged 0 -24 months, the newborn and infants were recruited from Tanta University Hospital in the period from July 2015 to January 2017.

Auditory brain stem response and cortical evoked potentials in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions: Delay in ABR and CAEPs wave latencies in children with type 1DM indicates that there is abnormality in the neural conduction in DM patients. The duration of DM has greater effect on auditory function than the control of DM.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder.

Role of Foxp3 and regulatory CD4+CD25+ T-lymphocytes in bronchial asthma.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are thought to have a critical role in the suppression of immune responses. In addition to the prevention of the development of autoimmunity, they are thought to have a role in the prevention of allergic responses to environmental allergens. Foxp3 is transcription factor (Foxp3), which is predominantly expressed by CD4+ CD25+ T cells, and may correlates with the suppressive activity of these cells.