Change detection and urban expansion of Port Sudan, Red Sea, using remote sensing and GIS.

During the last two decades, Port Sudan City has witnessed major environmental stresses resulting from urban expansion and port extensions. This research aims at analysing land water changes (LWCs), land use land cover (LULC) changes and urban expansion of Port Sudan using remote sensing and GIS. For that purpose, an integrated remote sensing and GIS approach was designed to analyse two Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) and an Operational Land Imager (OLI) Landsat images covering the period from 1999 to 2018.

Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwater.

Maize is the third important cereal crop after wheat and rice, especially in Egyptian villages. It is used in baking as a substitution component in wheat products and a main component in snacks for children. The target of this study was to estimate the risk assessment of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in maize grains cultivated in the agricultural soil irrigated by the contaminated water in comparison with that irrigated by freshwater.