Impact of donor sex on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in liver transplantation after brain death.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is predominantly seen in males but has a better prognosis in females. No prior studies have investigated HCC recurrence based on sex combination following liver transplant donated after brain death (DBDLT). This study sought to elucidate the effects of donor and recipient sex on HCC recurrence rates.

Resection of NAFLD/NASH-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Clinical Features and Outcomes Compared with HCC Due to Other Etiologies.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Limited data exist on surgical outcomes for NAFLD/NASH-related HCC compared with other HCC etiologies. We evaluated differences in clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgical resection for NAFLD/NASH-associated HCC compared with other HCC etiologies.

Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a rare complication of liver transplantation associated with high morbidity and mortality. Death typically occurs due to complications related to severe infection, shock, and multiorgan failure. The clinical presentation involves dysfunction of multiple organ systems with overlapping symptoms that often results in a diagnostic delay.

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Child-Pugh B or C Cirrhosis.

Purpose: Our purpose was to report outcomes in patients with Child-Pugh B or C (CP B/C) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Methods And Materials: Patients with HCC suitable for SBRT were prospectively enrolled in the study from 2012 to 2018. Outcomes in patients with CP B/C were analyzed.

Liver transplant evaluation for fulminant liver failure due to acute hepatitis A infection: Case series and literature review.

Hepatitis A virus can cause liver damage ranging from mild illness to fulminant hepatic failure, constituting 0.35% of all cases of fulminant liver failure. While rates of spontaneous remission are higher for hepatitis A, recent outbreaks attributable to vaccine shortages in highly populated urban cities plagued by insufficient affordable housing and inaccessible sanitation, and changes in the epidemiology of viral strains have resulted in increased hospitalizations and deaths.

Resolution of Severe Graft Steatosis Before Living-Donor Liver Transplant After 86 Pounds of Weight Loss.

Living-donor liver transplant allows for expedited transplant, with outcomes shown to be superior compared with deceased-donor liver transplant due to earlier intervention, with reduced hospital costs. However, they only comprise about 5% of liver transplants nationally. This is due to a limited pool of willing donors and donor exclusions for medical and psycho-social reasons.

Candida auris outbreak involving liver transplant recipients in a surgical intensive care unit.

Candida auris is a yeast that is difficult to eradicate and has caused outbreaks in health care facilities. We report a cluster of 5 patients in 1 intensive care unit who were colonized or infected in 2017. The initial 2 patients were recipients of liver transplants who had cultures that grew C auris within 3 days of each other in June 2017 (days 43 and 30 posttransplant).

Pleural Effusions Following Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience.

Introduction: This was a single-center retrospective study to evaluate incidence, prognosis, and risk factors in patients with postoperative pleural effusions, a common pulmonary complication following liver transplantation.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 374 liver transplantation cases through a database within the timeframe of January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2015. Demographics, pulmonary and cardiac function testing, laboratory studies, intraoperative transfusion/infusion volumes, postoperative management, and outcomes were analyzed.

Therapeutics administered during liver machine perfusion: An overview.

Although the use of extended criteria donors has increased the pool of available livers for transplant, it has also introduced the need to develop improved methods of protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), as these "marginal" organs are particularly vulnerable to IRI during the process of procurement, preservation, surgery, and post-transplantation. In this review, we explore the current basic science research investigating therapeutics administered during liver machine perfusion aimed at mitigating the effects of IRI in the liver transplantation process. These various categories of therapeutics are utilized during the perfusion process and include invoking the RNA interference pathway, utilizing defatting cocktails, and administering classes of agents such as vasodilators, anti-inflammatory drugs, human liver stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, and δ-opioid agonists in order to reduce the damage of IRI.

Impact of recipient functional status on 1-year liver transplant outcomes.

Background: The Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale has been widely validated for clinical practice for over 60 years.

Aim: To examine the extent to which poor pre-transplant functional status, assessed using the KPS scale, is associated with increased risk of mortality and/or graft failure at 1-year post-transplantation.

Methods: This study included 38278 United States adults who underwent first, non-urgent, liver-only transplantation from 2005 to 2014 (Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients).

Transplantation of Renal Allograft After Removal of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

With the rising incidence of end-stage renal disease in the United States, patients needing renal transplants are waiting longer for increasingly scarce grafts. Formerly, the general practice was to avoid organs with tumors for transplant because of the risk of malignancy transmission to the recipient. However, with comprehensive donor selection and a small-sized primary tumor, the positive outcomes of transplant outweigh the risks of transmission after a partial nephrectomy.

Hepatic Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma Treated with Laparoscopic Resection: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Hepatic angiomyolipoma is a rare primary liver tumor, with a radiographic appearance very similar to hepatocellular carcinoma. We present the case of a noncirrhotic patient with a liver tumor suspicious for HCC by imaging features. Liver biopsy demonstrated angiomyolipoma, and the patient successfully underwent a laparoscopic liver resection.

Bipolar Sealing Device Use in Pancreas Graft Preparation: A Novel Tieless Backtable Surgery Technique.

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Association Between Sarcopenia and Functional Status in Liver Transplant Patients.

Objectives: A growing body of evidence shows that frailty and functional performance predict liver transplant outcomes. The Organ Procurement and Transplant Network uses the Karnofsky Performance Status scale to adjust for transplant center case mix in assessing quality measures. This study explores the strength of the relationship between Karnofsky Performance Status scores and objective measures of frailty.

Successful Renal Transplantation after Presumed Cyanide Toxicity Treated with Hydroxocobalamin and Review of the Literature.

We report two cases of successful renal transplantation with allografts from donors who suffered anoxic brain injury as the primary cause of death from house fires. Each was treated prophylactically with hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) for suspected cyanide toxicity. During organ procurement, gross examination was notable for deep discoloration of the parenchymal tissues.

Single-Center Experience With Liver Transplant Using Donors With Very High Transaminase Levels.

Objectives: Elevation of transaminases has been used as a marker of hepatic ischemic injury and as a crucial parameter for liver graft assessment. However, analysis of serum transaminases has limitations regarding the quantitative assessment of liver necrosis and is not a reliable predictor of outcomes.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all liver transplants (N = 238) performed at the UMass Memorial Medical Center from 2009 to 2013.

Intensive Care of Pulmonary Complications Following Liver Transplantation.

Chronic liver disease has been associated with pulmonary dysfunction both before and after liver transplantation. Post-liver transplantation pulmonary complications can affect both morbidity and mortality often necessitating intensive care during the immediate postoperative period. The major pulmonary complications include pneumonia, pleural effusions, pulmonary edema, and atelectasis.