Detection of Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 genotypes VI.2.1 and VII.1.1 with neuro-viscerotropic tropism in some backyard pigeons (Columbidae) in Eastern Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Avian orthoavulavirus-1 (AOAV1) has a wide host range, including domestic and wild birds. The present study aimed to identify the currently circulating AOAV1 strains from some outbreaks in some backyard pigeons in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia (ERSA).

Methods: Tracheal/cloacal swabs and tissue specimens were collected from eight backyards in Al-Ahsa, ERSA, between January 2021 and March 2023.

The natural antiviral and immune stimulant effects of essential oil onion extract against virulent Newcastle disease virus.

Fifty broiler chicks were divided into five groups to study the antiviral and immune-stimulant effect of essential oils (ACEO). The effect of essential oils administration single or combined with NVD vaccine in broilers, more than one parameter was studied in this study i.e.

Challenges to Interprofessional Education: will e-Learning be the Magical Stick?

Purpose: In Egypt, the main challenges to interprofessional education (IPE) implementation are complexity of the required curricular design, the attitudinal barriers between professions, and the needed resources. Action research work was planned and implemented to identify alternative solutions to overcome barriers to IPE in the local Egyptian context.

Methods: -An 8-week e-learning elective course was developed, implemented, and evaluated.

Thymol nanoemulsion promoted broiler chicken's growth, gastrointestinal barrier and bacterial community and conferred protection against Salmonella Typhimurium.

The present study involved in vivo evaluation of the growth promoting effects of thymol and thymol nanoemulsion and their protection against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in broilers. One-day old 2400 chicks were randomly divided into eight groups; negative and positive control groups fed basal diet without additives and thymol and thymol nanoemulsion groups (0.25, 0.

Influence of Extract on Growth, Gene Expression of Gut Integrity, and Colonization in Broiler Chickens.

Phytogenic feed additives have been gaining considerable interest due to their ability to improve gut health and thereby performance of broiler chickens. The impact of (licorice) extract (GE) on expression of genes coding for tight junction proteins and gut protection and colonization in broilers has not been discussed until now. Thus, the current study assessed the effective dose of GE for maximum growth in broiler chickens, clear-cut molecular mechanisms related to integrity and health of intestine, and controlling colonization.

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women of the Marrakech-Safi region, Morocco.

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by an intracellular protozoan named Its prevalence had been investigated in several studies throughout the world showing that it varied from one country to another. In contrast, few studies had been carried out on this infection across the kingdom of Morocco, hence the objective of this work, which is the determination of seroprevalence in the region of Marrakech-Safi.

Methods: The serological results of a cohort of 5692 patients were reviewed retrospectively.

Medical Education Adaptations Post COVID-19: An Egyptian Reflection.

Background: Coronavirus (COVID19) appears to be an inflection point that is forcing a disruption in medical education.

Objective: The study aims to explore how medical schools in Egypt responded to COVID-19 pandemic regarding teaching and learning/assessment for undergraduate students.

Design: A mixed method exploratory 2-phase study was conducted.

Molecular survey and interaction of common respiratory pathogens in chicken flocks (field perspective).

Aim: The present study was designed for the detection of the most prevalent respiratory infections in chicken flocks and clarifying their interaction and impact on flock health.

Materials And Methods: A total of 359 serum samples were collected from 55 backyard chickens and tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to determine the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), influenza type A, (MG), and (MS). Molecular prevalence of NDV, IBV, low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2, MG, and MS was carried out on swab, and tissue samples collected from 55 backyard flocks and 11 commercial broiler flocks suffered from respiratory infections using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR.

Molecular characterisation of an avian influenza (H5N8) outbreak in backyard flocks in Al Ahsa, Eastern Saudi Arabia, 2017-2018.

Background: Avian influenza viruses are still causing major concern not only to the poultry industry but also to human health across the globe. The live poultry markets and the small-scale local breeding of various species of birds in backyards are still playing important roles in the sustainability of most virulent influenza viruses, especially H5N8.

Methods: The authors investigated an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in backyard flocks in Al Ahsa, Eastern Saudi Arabia that occurred in 2017-2018.

In vitro evaluation of various antimicrobials against field mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae isolates in Egypt.

Among many avian mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are recognized as the main etiological agents of respiratory diseases and infectious synovitis in chickens and turkeys causing tremendous economic losses worldwide. Therefore, proper treatment is promoted for the control of these diseases. This study was the first in Egypt to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of various antimicrobials against field MG and MS isolates recovered from chicken and turkey flocks using both conventional broth microdilution and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays.

Validity of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To assess the construct validity and reliability of the motivation section of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was conducted.  The MSQL has essentially two sections: a motivation section and a learning strategies section.

Molecular characterization of fowl aviadenoviruses species D and E associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chickens and falcons indicates possible cross-species transmission.

During the period from 2015 to 2017, frequent outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) were observed in broiler chickens and falcons in Saudi Arabia. Fifty samples were collected from both species. The histopathological examination and polymerase chain reaction confirmed the IBH infection in eight samples (five samples from chickens and three samples from falcons).

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) for undergraduate medical students: A six-step, integrative approach.

Background: Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in practicing evidence-based medicine (EBM) to provide valid and up-to-date information about health problems and procedures for solving these problems. However, studying EBM among other medical education disciplines remains unsatisfactory.

Aim: To design and pilot a basic course on EBM for undergraduate medical students in order to raise the awareness of the Saudi medical education community about this discipline.

Autogenous Vein Wrapping versus In Situ Decompression for Management of Secondary Cubital Tunnel Syndrome after Surgical Fixation of Elbow Fractures: Short-Term Functional and Neurophysiological Outcome.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the functional and neurophysiological outcome of in situ decompression versus in situ decompression augmented with autogenous vein wrapping in management of secondary cubital tunnel syndrome at the elbow following fixation of elbow fractures.

Methods: A prospective comparative randomized study was performed on 29 patients who were divided into two groups: group I (in situ decompression) and group II (in situ decompression augmented with autogenous vein wrapping). We measured the patients' demographics, subjective reports of symptoms, and objective evaluation of the functional and neurophysiological outcomes of both groups.

Effect of phylogenetic diversity of velogenic Newcastle disease virus challenge on virus shedding post homologous and heterologous DNA vaccination in chickens.

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly devastating disease for the poultry industry as it causes high economic losses. In this present study, a DNA vaccine containing the F and HN surface antigens of a highly virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), NDV/1/Chicken/2005 (FJ939313), was successfully generated. Cell transfection test indicated that the vaccine expressed the F and HN genes in Hep-2 cells.

Development, implementation, and evaluation of an integrated multidisciplinary Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in primary health care settings within limited resources.

Background: In ordinary circumstances, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a resource-intensive assessment method. In case of developing and implementing multidisciplinary OSCE, there is no doubt that the cost will be greater.

Aim: Through this study a research project was conducted to develop, implement and evaluate a multidisciplinary OSCE model within limited resources.

Integrating radiology vertically into an undergraduate medical education curriculum: a triphasic integration approach.

Fulfilling the goal of integrating radiology into undergraduate medical curricula is a real challenge due to the enduring faith assuming that traditional medical disciplines are worthy of consuming the available study time. In this manner, radiology is addressed occasionally and with relevance to these traditional disciplines. In Al-Baha University Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, efforts have been made to integrate radiology vertically and in a structured manner into the undergraduate curriculum from the first year to the sixth year.

Triangular model integrating clinical teaching and assessment.

Structuring clinical teaching is a challenge facing medical education curriculum designers. A variety of instructional methods on different domains of learning are indicated to accommodate different learning styles. Conventional methods of clinical teaching, like training in ambulatory care settings, are prone to the factor of coincidence in having varieties of patient presentations.