Celiac disease autoimmunity among Nigerian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) affects the small intestine and can hinder nutrient absorption. It is found worldwide and common in certain groups of people including individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). However, the prevalence of CD in the West African region is not documented.

Design and development of locust bean gum-endowed/Phyllanthus reticulatus anthocyanin- functionalized biogenic gold nanosystem for enhanced antioxidative and anticancer chemotherapy.

Herein, the design and fabrication of an anticancer nanoplatform (LBG/PRA-NG) based on locust bean gum-stabilized nanogold and functionalized with Phyllanthus reticulatus anthocyanins was described. LBG/PRA-NG was prepared in an eco-friendly, one-pot approach at room temperature, mediated by the anthocyanins and gum as bio-reductant and stabilizer, respectively. The nanostructure was elaborately characterized by FESEM, TEM, UV-visible, DLS, Zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTG, and XPS analysis.

Impact of Anemia on The Quality of Life of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Single Institution Experience.

Background: Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been shown to worsen as CKD advances. CKD negatively impacts patients' health-related quality of life. It is therefore necessary to determine the impact of anemia on the quality of life in patients with CKD.

CLAHE-CapsNet: Efficient retina optical coherence tomography classification using capsule networks with contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization.

Manual detection of eye diseases using retina Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images by Ophthalmologists is time consuming, prone to errors and tedious. Previous researchers have developed a computer aided system using deep learning-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to aid in faster detection of the retina diseases. However, these methods find it difficult to achieve better classification performance due to noise in the OCT image.

Assessment of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative showed suboptimal knowledge and a low exclusive breastfeeding rate in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Aim: Implementing the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) programme has been fraught with challenges globally. The study aimed to assess the implementation of the BFHI and breastfeeding practices in healthcare facilities in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methods: It was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study carried out between August and October 2019 among 100 healthcare workers and 110 mothers from health facilities in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria.

Defining microbial community functions in chronic human infection with metatranscriptomics.

The microbial diversity in polymicrobial infections (PMIs) allows for community members to establish interactions with one another, which can result in enhanced disease outcomes such as increased antibiotic tolerance and chronicity. Chronic PMIs result in large burdens on health systems, as they affect a significant proportion of the population and are expensive and difficult to treat. However, investigations into physiology of microbial communities in actual human infection sites are lacking.

Evaluation of the utilisation of energy and phosphorus in field peas fed to broiler chickens.

1. The regression method was used to estimate the utilisation of energy (Experiment 1) and phosphorus (Experiments 2 and 3) in two field peas (FP) cultivars fed to broiler chickens.2.

Psychosocial factors as predictors of aggressive behaviors among primary school learners.

The study investigated psychosocial factors as predictors of aggressive behaviors among primary school learners in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study used a survey research design. All public primary school learners in Ekiti State formed the target population.

Defining Microbial Community Functions in Chronic Human Infection with Metatranscriptomics.

Chronic polymicrobial infections (cPMIs) harbor complex bacterial communities with diverse metabolic capacities, leading to competitive and cooperative interactions. Although the microbes present in cPMIs have been established through culture-dependent and-independent methods, the key functions that drive different cPMIs and the metabolic activities of these complex communities remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed 102 published metatranscriptomes collected from cystic fibrosis sputum (CF) and chronic wound infections (CW) to identify key bacterial members and functions in cPMIs.

Ultra sonographic indices of the carotid artery in healthy adult population of southwest, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: atherosclerosis develops insidiously, offering time and opportunities for early detection. Screening for subclinical atherosclerosis via structural wall changes and flow velocities among apparently healthy adults using carotid ultrasonography may help its early detection, offer timely intervention and reduce morbidity and mortality.

Methods: a cross-sectional study of 100 participants with a mean age of 56.

Comparison of standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in faba beans and field peas in broiler chickens and pigs.

An experiment, using the same set of five diets was conducted to determine and compare the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in faba beans and three cultivars of field peas in broiler chickens and pigs. Four test diets were prepared to contain faba beans, DS-Admiral field peas, Hampton field peas, or 4010 field peas as the sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet (NFD), as the fifth diet, was prepared to estimate the basal endogenous losses of AA to determine the SID of AA in the test ingredients.

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax in a term neonate.

Pneumothorax is a rare but recognized cause of respiratory distress in the newborn. It can occur spontaneously or post-traumatic. We report our experience in a term male neonate who had primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Energy and phosphorus utilization of pulses fed to broiler chickens.

Energy and P utilization in faba beans and peas were evaluated in 3 broiler chicken experiments. In Exp. 1, 240 birds were allotted to 5 diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor on d 18 post hatching to determine the regression-derived energy utilization of faba beans (FB) and field peas (FP).

Dynamics of factors associated with rates of COVID-19 cases and deaths in African countries.

Background: African countries have not had the high case and death rates from COVID-19 as was predicted early in the pandemic. It is not well understood what factors modulated the rate of COVID-19 cases and death on the continent.

Methods: We collated data from the World Bank data site, Our World in Data and Freedom House for African for 54 African countries who are members of the African Union.

Shapes of phases in isothermal phase diagrams: what is wrong with the Thermo-Calc logo.

The solubility of defects is essential to control the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of engineering materials. The concentration of defects can be visualized on a phase diagram as providing the width to single-phase regions of compounds. Although the shape of these regions can have a tremendous impact on the maximum defect solubility achievable and guides the engineering of materials, little attention has been paid to the shape of the phase boundaries surrounding these single-phase regions.

Knowledge, Perceptions and Levels of Utilisation of E-Learning among Medical Students in Nigeria.

Background: Globally, electronic learning (e-learning) is being embraced in all spheres, including the field of Medicine, where it has an engrained role in both medical education and practice.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception and factors influencing the utilisation of e-learning amongst medical students in Nigeria.

Methods: It was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey.

Adverse outcomes associated with concurrent gabapentin, opioid, and benzodiazepine utilization: A nested case-control study.

Background: Gabapentin, opioids, and/or benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for a variety of pain and psychiatric conditions. Despite the high likelihood of co-prescription of these medications, little is known about co-utilization of gabapentin (GABA), opioids (OP), and benzodiazepines (BZD) and associated public health outcomes.

Methods: Using Medicare CCW Data, 2013-2016, we conducted a nested case-control study to examine the association between concurrent utilization of GABA, OP, and BZD and respiratory depression, opioid, and substance-related overdose among Medicare disabled beneficiaries.

How effective is antenatal care in preparing mothers for newborn care? An exploratory survey of lactating women in a rural Nigerian district.

Background: Neonatal death rates are high in sub-Saharan Africa and the majority of these deaths are preventable. Antenatal care (ANC) is a good channel for the reduction of neonatal deaths. This study aimed to assess newborn care practices among lactating women in Nigeria and determine their relationship with ANC attendance.

Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: clinical characteristics and compliance with care.

Objectives: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing in most developed and developing countries. This study described the clinical characteristics and compliance with care among Nigerian children and adolescents with T1DM.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive multi-center study of children seen at the paediatric endocrinology clinic of seven selected tertiary health facilities in Nigeria.

Effects of Household Air Pollution (HAP) on Cardiovascular Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Out of over 3 billion people exposed to household air pollution (HAP), approximately 4 million die prematurely, most from cardiorespiratory diseases. Although many recent studies have reported adverse effects of HAP on cardiovascular outcomes, the findings are inconsistent.

Objectives: The primary aim of this systematic review is to critically appraise the published studies and report the pooled summary of the findings on the association between HAP and cardiovascular outcomes, particularly in LMICs.

Knowledge and Attitude of Fathers towards Childhood Vaccination in Ogun State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study.

Ackground/objectives: Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) have been shown to account for one-fifth of deaths among under-fives. Father's knowledge and attitude greatly influence the approval and uptake of childhood vaccination in patriarchal communities. This study aimed to assess and compare fathers' knowledge and attitude to childhood vaccination in urban and rural communities of Ogun State, Nigeria.

Parent-Youth Sexual Discussion and its Association with Sexual Activity among Undergraduates in a Nigerian University.

Background: Parents play a significant role in the sexual orientation and behaviours of their children. Lack of communication between parents and their children about sexual matters may contribute to engagement of young people in risky sexual behaviours.

Objectives: To assess the pattern of parent-youth sexual discussions and its association with sexual activity among unmarried undergraduates in a Nigerian university.

Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent child.

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a progressive and destructive disease of the lung parenchyma. We report a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with CPA with a positive Aspergillus IgG and chest imaging of cavitary lung lesions. He was treated with oral Itraconazole with significant improvement.

Soil carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, and water pollution under different tillage practices.

Tillage is a common agricultural practice and a critical component of agricultural systems that is frequently employed worldwide in croplands to reduce climatic and soil restrictions while also sustaining various ecosystem services. Tillage can affect a variety of soil-mediated processes, e.g.