Nurse-Led Evidence-Based Diabetes Prevention Study: An Innovative Risk Reduction Program for Clients With Substance Use Disorders.

Background: Clients with substance use disorders (SUDs) have a substantial risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The connection between SUD and DM stems from rapid cell damage, pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, and glucose dysregulation due to increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant activity. This study aims to reduce the risk of T2DM among individuals undergoing SUD recovery treatments.

From subsidies to nutrition: Investigating effects among cohort children from the Subsidy Reinvestment programme in Nigeria.

This study investigates the effect of a nationwide maternal health programme that targets both demand- and supply-side factors on the nutritional status of children under five years old whose mothers were potentially exposed to the programme. We employed a difference-in-differences approach by matching programme beneficiary facilities to the districts and communities where households reside. The data are drawn from the 2008, 2013, and 2018 rounds of Nigeria's Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), comprising responses for approximately 120,000 children.

Association between experienced stigma, anxiety, depression and loneliness among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Lagos Nigeria: The moderating role of social support.

Background: This study assessed the moderating effect of social support on the association between experienced stigma versus anxiety, depression and loneliness among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 adults on treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis for at least 8 weeks. Validated scales were used to assess experienced stigma, anxiety, depression, loneliness and social support.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of African School of Hypertension for Non-Physician Health Workers, a Qualitative Study: QuASH Hypertension Study.

Background: The implementation of task sharing and shifting (TSTS) policy as a way of addressing the shortage of physicians and reducing the burden of hypertension in Africa birthed the idea of the African School of Hypertension (ASH). The ASH is saddled with the responsibility of training non-physician health workers across Africa continent in the management of uncomplicated hypertension.

Aim: To get feedback from some faculty members and students who participated in the first ASH programme.

Perspectives of relatives of patients with end-stage kidney disease on kidney sources, commercial kidney donation, and barriers to living kidney donation in Nigeria: a qualitative study.

Background: Kidney transplantation is the best mode of kidney replacement therapy. However, the shortage of organ donations has been a major challenge globally. Relatives of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are potential kidney donors.

Incidence of Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury in a Low Resource Setting: A Prospective Study.

Background: Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) is a common cause of AKI globally. The incidence and burden of PRAKI are still high in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) especially in Africa due to limited access to optimal obstetric care, late diagnosis, and referral. The study aimed to determine the incidence and aetiologies of PRAKI among women in the peripartum period in two government hospitals in Nigeria.

Global prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with psychosocial problems, especially depression, contributing to poor overall outcomes. Depression has not been given adequate priority in the management of CKD patients despite its significant adverse impact on all major outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the pooled prevalence of clinical depression in the global CKD population and sub-populations.

The prevalence and risk of mortality associated with intradialytic hypertension among patients with end-stage kidney disease on haemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Intradialytic hypertension (IDHTN) is a common but less frequently recognised complication of haemodialysis. However, it is associated with increased overall mortality in patients on haemodialysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of IDHTN and associated mortality risk in the global haemodialysis population.

Peer Facilitator Training for Diabetes Prevention in a Nigerian Drug Treatment Center.

Introduction And Background: Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) are at an increased risk of developing comorbid medical conditions, including Type 2 diabetes. Although the diabetes prevention program (DPP) is efficacious and cost-effective, there is no published evidence to support its implementation in Nigeria or within SUD treatment settings. In this first known DPP within an SUD treatment program, we implemented a multiphased, nurse-led DPP at a small outpatient drug treatment center in Nigeria.

Assessment of Knowledge of Legal Provisions on Organ Donation and Transplantation amongst Healthcare Workers in Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Advancements in the medical field have made organ transplantation an attractive treatment option for patients when indicated. Shortage of organs and commodification of organs are major challenges encountered in organ donation and transplantation. These could potentially breed unethical practices, if the process is not well regulated.

Prevalence and Determinants of Ocular Disorders among in-School Children with Physical and Mental Disabilities in Osun State, South West Nigeria.

Purpose: This study set out to determine the prevalence and the factors contributing to ocular disorders among children with physical and mental disabilities, who represent a vulnerable group in Osun State.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study among children with physical and mental disabilities aged 5-17 years using a multistage sampling technique. Demographics, presence of ocular symptoms and determinants of ocular disorders were noted.

Prevalence of Kidney Dysfunction and Associated Risk Factors in a Southwestern City in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is huge, especially in countries such as Nigeria where majority of patients succumb to the disease early due to inability to afford care. Early diagnosis through regular screening of at-risk population is pivotal to stemming the scourge of the disease.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of kidney dysfunction and associated risk factors in a community screening program.

Association between self-reported oral habits and oral health related quality of life of adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Oral habits such as nail biting, thumb/digit sucking and teeth grinding could be harmful, and may lead to teeth misalignment, anterior open bite, protruded or flared upper anterior teeth especially if they persist into adolescence. Such orofacial dysfunction may result to impairment of the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of an individual. The extent to which oral habits affect the major domains of the self-reported outcomes remains understudied especially during adolescence, a unique period of growth, where there is increased aesthetic desire, increased self-awareness, and unique social and psychological needs.

The Role of Trust as a Driver of Private-Provider Participation in Disease Surveillance: Cross-Sectional Survey From Nigeria.

Background: Recognition of the importance of valid, real-time knowledge of infectious disease risk has renewed scrutiny into private providers' intentions, motives, and obstacles to comply with an Integrated Disease Surveillance Response (IDSR) framework. Appreciation of how private providers' attitudes shape their tuberculosis (TB) notification behaviors can yield lessons for the surveillance of emerging pathogens, antibiotic stewardship, and other crucial public health functions. Reciprocal trust among actors and institutions is an understudied part of the "software" of surveillance.

First and Second Waves of Covid-19: A Comparative Study of the Clinical Presentation and Outcome among Hospitalized Patients in Lagos Nigeria.

Objective: Nigeria experienced many waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study compared the clinical presentations and mortality among hospitalized patients during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted.

Task Sharing and Task Shifting (TSTS) in the Management of Africans with Hypertension: A Call For Action-Possibilities and Its Challenges.

Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality globally and one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis, awareness, and optimal treatment rates are suboptimal, especially in low- and middle-income countries, with attendant high health consequences and grave socioeconomic impact. There is an enormous gap between disease burden and physician-patient ratios that needs to be bridged.

A framework for capacity enhancement of Rwandan nurse educators and preceptors facilitating nursing students to learn pediatric pain management.

Introduction: In low- and middle- income countries like Rwanda, children are most likely to suffer from painful and life-limiting conditions due to various factors predominant in these settings. Adequate pre-licensure pain management training can improve pain relief nursing practices. Educators and nurses in practice have a responsibility to teach the soon-to- be nurses for holistic competent nursing care of children, emphasizing the importance of and addressing child's suffering, yet inconsistencies were reported in what was taught regarding pediatric pain management from a theoretical perspective by nurse educators as compared to their counterparts in clinical settings in Rwanda.

The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on Tuberculosis (TB) case notification in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in disruptions in delivery of Tuberculosis services especially, in resource-limited settings. Provisional data by the WHO from 84 countries indicates that about 1.4 million fewer people received care for tuberculosis in 2020 than in 2019.

Relationship between Kidney Dysfunction, Stroke Severity, and Outcomes in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A Prospective Study.

Background: Stroke is a common neurologic disease associated with fatal outcomes. Kidney dysfunction may be an important predictor of stroke severity and outcome.

Aim: To determine the relationship between kidney dysfunction at admission and stroke severity and 30-day outcome.

Sleep quality and associated factors among patients with chronic kidney disease in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Poor sleep quality adversely affects the overall well-being and outcomes of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it has not been well studied in Africans with CKD. We determined the prevalence of poor sleep quality and associated factors among patients with CKD.

Cardiovascular risk factors and kidney function among automobile mechanic and their association with serum heavy metals in Southwest Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is huge due to its associated morbidity, mortality and adverse socio-economic impact. Environmental pollution as a risk factor contributes significantly to the burden of CVD, especially in the low and middle income countries. One of the effective strategies to reduce CVD burden is to prevent or detect cardiovascular risk factors early in at-risk population.

Physicians' perception of task sharing with non-physician health care workers in the management of uncomplicated hypertension in Nigeria: A mixed method study.

Introduction: Task sharing and task shifting (TSTS) in the management of hypertension is an important strategy to reduce the burden of hypertension in low-and middle-income countries like Nigeria where there is shortage of physicians below the World Health Organization's recommendations on doctor-patient ratio. The cooperation of physicians is critical to the success of this strategy. We assessed physicians' perception of TSTS with non-physician health workers in the management of hypertension and sought recommendations to facilitate the implementation of TSTS.

Health-related quality of life among adults newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lagos State, Nigeria: a prospective study.

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) has far-reaching effects on the social, mental, and emotional well-being of patients and consequently, their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Few studies in Nigeria have examined changes in quality of life over the course of treatment. changes in (PTB) and factors associated with HRQOL.