Revolutionizing Breast Cancer Detection With Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Radiology and Radiation Oncology: A Systematic Review.

The number one cause of cancer in women worldwide is breast cancer. Over the last three decades, the use of traditional screen-film mammography has increased, but in recent years, digital mammography and 3D tomosynthesis have become standard procedures for breast cancer screening. With the advancement of technology, the interpretation of images using automated algorithms has become a subject of interest.

Management of an undetectable Diverticular Bleed: A Case Report and Literature review.

Diverticular bleeding is the most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and accounts for 20.8%-41.6% of cases in the Western world.

Gastric adenocarcinoma complicated by an intra-abdominal abscess: A case report.

Perforated gastric adenocarcinoma is a rare and challenging complication of gastric cancer, which can lead to intra-abdominal abscesses and other complications. Management of perforated gastric adenocarcinoma with an intra-abdominal abscess requires a multidisciplinary approach, including empiric antibiotic therapy and fluid resuscitation, partial gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction, and image-guided drainage. This case report highlights the complex and challenging nature of managing perforated gastric adenocarcinoma with intra-abdominal abscesses.

Small Bowel Lymphoma Complicated With Ischemic Colitis: A Case Report.

Ischemic colitis is thought to be an injury to the colon as a result of reduced blood flow. Certain infectious diseases such as the Epstein-Barr virus can aid in the reduction of blood flow. The insult can range from inflammation and superficial injury to full-thickness necrosis.

Investigation of bioluminescence-based assays for determination of kinetic parameters for the bifunctional Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W capsule polymerase.

Objective: Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis. N. meningitidis serogroup W (NmW) capsule polymerase synthesizes capsular polysaccharide of this serogroup.

Recent and Future Advances in the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Homogeneous Glycans for Bacterial Glycoconjugate Vaccine Development.

Vaccines are important in preventing disease outbreaks and controlling the spread of disease in a population. A variety of vaccines exist, including subunit, recombinant, and conjugate vaccines. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been an important tool to fight against diseases caused by a number of bacteria.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention for People Who Use Drugs: Overview of Reviews and the ICOS of PICOS.

Background: This article summarizes the results from systematic reviews of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention interventions for people who use drugs (PWUD). We performed an overview of reviews, meta-analysis, meta-epidemiology, and PROSPERO Registration CRD42017070117.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project database to identify quantitative systematic reviews of HIV public heath interventions with PWUD published during 2002-2017.

Growth in Proportion and Disparities of HIV PrEP Use Among Key Populations Identified in the United States National Goals: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Published Surveys.

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among populations most vulnerable to HIV as identified in the national HIV prevention goals is not fully known. This systematic review assessed trends of lifetime self-reported PrEP use and disparities among key populations.

Methods: We used the CDC HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis cumulative database of electronic and manual searches in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from 2000 to 2019 to identify English-language primary studies reporting PrEP use.

Correlates of HIV-related risk behaviors among self-identified heterosexual men who have sex with men (HMSM): national survey of family growth (2002, 2006-2010, and 2011-2017).

Self-identified heterosexual men who have sex with men (HMSM) have unique sexual behaviors that may increase their risk of HIV infection. We assessed the correlates of recent sex with other men and HIV-related risk behaviors among HMSM by sex of their sex partners. We analyzed data from the 2002 and 2006-2017 National Survey of Family Growth limited to men who self-identified as heterosexual and reported any anal/oral sex with another man ( = 787).

Mapping the Study Characteristics and Topics of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Research Literature: A Scoping Review.

Since WHO released the first PrEP guidance in 2012, the PrEP research literature has rapidly increased, but PrEP uptake is still low. To identify research gaps, this scoping review describes study characteristics, identifies populations, and maps study topics in PrEP publications. We identified 561 PrEP primary studies published in English between 2006 and 2018.

Analysis of Systematic Reviews of Medication Adherence Interventions for Persons with HIV, 1996-2017.

This overview of reviews summarizes the evidence from systematic reviews (SR) on the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence interventions for people with HIV (PWH) and descriptively compares adherence interventions among key populations. Relevant articles published during 1996-2017 were identified by comprehensive searches of CDC's HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Prevention Research Synthesis Database and manual searches. Included SRs examined primary interventions intended to improve ART adherence, focused on PWH, and assessed medication adherence or biologic outcomes (e.

Increasing prevalence of self-reported HIV preexposure prophylaxis use in published surveys: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

: When combining results from all published surveys, about one in nine global study participants (10.7%) reported ever using preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by 2017, a significant increase since US FDA approval in 2012 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.6/year, P < 0.

Mental health and retention in HIV care: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Mental health (MH) diagnoses, which are prevalent among persons living with HIV infection, might be linked to failed retention in HIV care. This review synthesized the quantitative evidence regarding associations between MH diagnoses or symptoms and retention in HIV care, as well as determined if MH service utilization (MHSU) is associated with improved retention in HIV care.

Method: A comprehensive search of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis database of electronic (e.

A systematic review of interventions for reducing HIV risk behaviors among people living with HIV in the United States, 1988-2012.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review to examine interventions for reducing HIV risk behaviors among people living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States.

Methods: Systematic searches included electronic databases from 1988 to 2012, hand searches of journals, reference lists of articles, and HIV/AIDS Internet listservs. Each eligible study was evaluated against the established criteria on study design, implementation, analysis, and strength of findings to assess the risk of bias and intervention effects.

Evaluation of the physicochemical equivalence of three brands of commercially available quinine sulphate tablets from South Western part of Nigeria.

Background: The relatively little resistance to quinine globally has led to an increase in its use in P. falciparum malaria especially in multi-drug resistant strains.

Objective: To evaluate the physicochemical and equivalency of three brands of quinine sulphate tablets available in South Western region of Nigeria.

Perinatal outcome of quadruplet pregnancies in relation to chorionicity.

Objective: To compare the perinatal outcome of quadruplets in relation to chorionicity.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective study, the maternal, neonatal and chorionicity data were collected from 24 sets of quadruplet pregnancies delivered between January 1985 and December 2001. Perinatal and neonatal data were evaluated in relation to chorionicity.

Comparative study of perinatal outcome of dichorionic and trichorionic iatrogenic triplets.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the perinatal outcome of dichorionic and trichorionic triplets who were conceived by assisted reproductive techniques.

Study Design: In this retrospective study, the maternal, neonatal, and chorionicity data were collected from 106 sets of trichorionic triamniotic and 34 sets of dichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancies who were conceived by assisted reproductive techniques between January 1986 and December 2000. Perinatal and neonatal data were evaluated in relation to chorionicity and intertriplet birth weight discordance.

Perinatal outcome of spontaneously conceived triplet pregnancies in relation to chorionicity.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the perinatal outcome of spontaneously conceived triplet pregnancies in relation to chorionicity.

Study Design: In this retrospective study, maternal, neonatal, and chorionicity data were collected from 88 sets of triplet pregnancies that were delivered at >20 weeks of gestation from 3 tertiary referral centers in the United Kingdom. The data were collected between January 1986 and December 2000.

Prevalence of cranial scan abnormalities in preterm twins in relation to chorionicity and discordant birth weight.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of ultrasonographically detected cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) in preterm twins at birth in relation to chorionicity, discordant weight and twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

Methods: In this retrospective study, perinatal, neonatal, and cranial scan data of 85 monochorionic (MC) and 94 dichorionic (DC) twin pregnancies (341 infants) delivered between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation were collected. Data were analysed according to chorionicity, discordant birth weight (>20%), single intrauterine death and TTTS.

Neuromorbidity in preterm twins in relation to chorionicity and discordant birth weight.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of neurologic morbidity in preterm monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC) twins.

Study Design: We collected perinatal, neonatal, and infant follow-up data of 76 MC and 78 DC twins born between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation (295 infants). Risks of neuromorbidity in the surviving infants were evaluated in relation to chorionicity, discordant birth weight (>20%), twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), and cotwin death.

Perinatal outcome following amniotic septostomy in chronic TTTS is independent of placental angioarchitecture.

Objectives: To determine whether the vascular anatomy of monochorial placenta influences the success of amniotic septostomy for the treatment of chronic mid-trimester twin-twin transfusion syndrome, we report placental anastomoses and perinatal data of 13 pregnancies treated by amniotic septostomy in combination with amnioreduction (AR). The placental anastomoses were delineated postnatally by perfusion studies. Perinatal outcome was also evaluated in relation to umbilical artery Doppler waveform of the donor twin.

Predicting recovery of facial nerve function following injury from a basilar skull fracture.

Twenty-five patients with posttraumatic facial nerve palsy were studied. Partial recovery of function had occurred in 95% of these patients by 18 months after injury. At 5 months posttrauma, there was some recovery in 92.

Primary intracranial chondrosarcoma: a report of two cases.

Two cases of primary intracranial chondrosarcoma are presented. The cases were similar in that they both arose from the temporal bone, contained both myxomatous tissue and material of cartilaginous consistency, and were avascular. Histological studies excluded the diagnosis of chondroid chordoma.