Impacts of entropy generation in second-grade fuzzy hybrid nanofluids on exponentially permeable stretching/shrinking surface.

The present investigation aims to use entropy analysis to analyze the unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in a second-grade fuzzy hybrid [Formula: see text] nanofluid over an exponentially shrinking/stretching surface. The model for hybridization of the mixture of alumina [Formula: see text] and copper (Cu) nanoparticles in the sodium alginate (SA) base fluid under heat source/sink, nonlinear thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation. The fundamental partial differential equations (PDEs) are simplified using an appropriate similarity conversion to generate the ordinary differential equations (ODEs).