Case study of a model primary health care program in Nigeria: History, evolution, challenges, and future perspectives.

This short report describes the historical evolution of a pioneer Model PHC programme located in Ogun State, southwest Nigeria, as a direct result of the vision and effort of Professor Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, and his drive to entrench the delivery of primary health care (PHC) in Nigeria. It describes some of the programmes inspired by the PHC philosophy at the Model PHC Centre, some of the challenges faced over the years, and the need to reposition the programme. It exemplifies key principles in PHC and its philosophy that are instructive for health practitioners, policymakers and development practitioners, especially those with interest in resource-poor countries.

Cohort event monitoring for safety signal detection in adult individuals 18 years and above after immunisation with coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in Nigeria.

Introduction: In Nigeria, immunisation with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines commenced in March 2021. COVISHIELD from AstraZeneca (AZ), a viral vector vaccine, was the brand administered in the first phase of vaccinations for pre-determined eligible adults 18 years and above. As more brands of COVID-19 vaccines have been introduced in Nigeria, identifying effective and safe vaccine brands is essential to pharmacovigilance and public health.

Mothers' knowledge, attitude and home management of diarrhoea among children under five years old in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background:  Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death among children under five years old globally. It remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among this age group in Nigeria. Using simple home management, mothers play important roles in the prevention and control of diarrhoea among these children.

Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence among residents in Lagos State, Nigeria: A population-based survey.

Background: Hepatitis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. It is often caused by hepatitis B and C, which are both preventable and treatable. Available information on Hepatitis B and C in Nigeria is based primarily on estimates obtained from specific population sub-groups or hospital-based surveys leaving gaps in population-level knowledge, attitudes, and prevalence.

Determinants of antiretroviral treatment adherence among patients attending secondary health care facilities in north-east and south-west Nigeria: a comparative study.

Background: Four decades after its discovery, HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, even with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Strict adherence to ART remains a challenge, with attendant implications for treatment success. This study aimed at comparing ART adherence between north-east and south-west Nigeria.

Socio-economic behavioural indicators of falciparum malaria parasitaemia and moderate to severe anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Incidence of malaria and anaemia are of public health importance especially in pregnant women in endemic regions, due to the negative health consequences to the mother and fetus. This study aimed to assess the pattern of falciparum malaria infection and anaemia, based on malaria prevention methods practiced by participants.

Methods: A semi-structured tool was used to capture information on demographic, socio-economic and malaria prevention practices from 113 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in 2 peri-urban health facilities in Lagos, southwest Nigeria.

Predictors of tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes and practices in urban slums in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Nigeria is among six countries responsible for the majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world. The Nigerian government has emphasized community-based case finding to increase detection of TB. This process requires efforts to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of TB, particularly in the poorest of communities.

Knowledge, perceptions and practice of cervical cancer prevention among female public secondary school teachers in Mushin local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological cancer and a leading cause of cancer death in women in Nigeria. This study was aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and practice of cervical cancer prevention among female public secondary school teachers in Mushin, Lagos.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among female secondary school teachers in Mushin, Lagos.

Ending preventable maternal and child deaths in western Nigeria: Do women utilize the life lines?

Introduction: Nigeria which constitutes just one percent of the world population, accounts for 13% of the world maternal and under-five mortality. Utilization of health care services has been an important determinant of maternal and child outcomes. The vast majority of maternal and child deaths could be prevented if women utilize the available life lines.

A malariometric survey of under-fives residing in indoor residual spraying-implementing and non-implementing communities of Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is used as part of the integrated vector management strategy for the control of malaria in Lagos, Nigeria. The purpose of this study was to compare the malariometric indices of children under 5 years old living in IRS-implementing and non-IRS-implementing communities of Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: The study was a community-based, comparative, cross-sectional study of 480 children under five recruited using a multi-stage sampling method.

Sexually transmitted infections: prevalence, knowledge and treatment practices among female sex workers in a cosmopolitan city in Nigeria.

Sexually transmitted infections constitute economic burden for developing countries, exposure to causative agents is an occupational hazard for female sex workers. Targeted interventions for this population can reduce the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections including human immunodeficiency virus, but barriers exists which can hinder effective implementation of such programs. This descriptive cross sectional study sought to assess the prevalence, knowledge and treatment practices of sexually transmitted infections among brothel based female sex workers.

Awareness of occupational health hazards and the practice of universal safety precautions among mortuary workers in South West Nigeria.

Background: Mortuary workers face hazards at work such as infectious diseases, chemical and psychosocial hazards among others. If workers are to participate in activities to safeguard their health, they must be aware of the risks at work.

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the awareness of occupational health hazards and to determine their practice of universal safety precautions.

Promoting cessation and a tobacco free future: willingness of pharmacy students at the University of Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Tobacco use is projected to cause nearly 450 million deaths worldwide during the next 50 years. Health professionals can have a critical role in reducing tobacco use. Therefore, one of the strategies to reduce the number of smoking-related deaths is to encourage the involvement of health professionals in tobacco-use prevention and cessation counseling.