Ginkgolide B as a biopsychosocial treatment salvages repeated restraint stress-induced amygdalar anomalies in mice.

From preclinical and clinical findings, it has been shown that the amygdala is a critical mediator of stress and primary target for stress effects in the brain. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of Ginkgolide B (GB) in repeated restraint stress-induced behavioral deficit and amygdalar inflammation in mice. Mice were orally pre-treated with GB 20 mg/kg 1 h prior to 4 h restraint stress for 21 consecutive days.

Oral human papillomavirus infection and genotyping in a cohort of people living with HIV.

This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of oral HPV infection and the risk indicators for oral HPV carriage in people living with HIV. Data on socio-demographics, sexual behavioral practices, and lifestyle practices of the participants were collected from 66 people living with HIV. The HIV parameters of each study participant were obtained from clinical records.

Taurine, an essential amino acid, attenuates rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats by inhibiting alpha-synuclein aggregation and augmenting dopamine release.

Reducing antioxidant levels exacerbates the generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, leading to alpha-synuclein aggregation and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. These play a key role in the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD), for which effective treatment remains elusive. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of taurine, an essential β-amino acid with antioxidant and antiinflammation properties, in Swiss male mice exposed to rotenone-induced PD.

Bioactive compounds from fermented leaf: Potent antibiotics against multidrug-resistant and .

Unlabelled: Antibiotic resistance microorganisms (ARMs), particularly gram-negative bacteria, pose a global health threat. The effects of fermentation on phytochemicals are numerous, and exploring this potential is the focus of drug development. The study investigated the role of fermentation in modifying leaf secondary metabolites as an effective antibiotic against .

Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial populations in permanently cold deep-sea sediments in the NW Atlantic.

Permanently cold deep-sea sediments (2500-3500 m water depth) with and without indications of thermogenic hydrocarbon seepage were exposed to naphtha to examine the presence and potential of cold-adapted aerobic hydrocarbon-degrading microbial populations. Monitoring these microcosms for volatile hydrocarbons by GC-MS revealed sediments without in situ hydrocarbons responded more rapidly to naphtha amendment than hydrocarbon seep sediments overall, but seep sediments removed aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) more readily. Naphtha-driven aerobic respiration was more evident in surface sediment (0-20 cmbsf) than deeper anoxic layers (>130 cmbsf) that responded less rapidly.

Biventricular Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a 26-year-old Nigerian Woman with Noonan Syndrome.

Background: Cardiac disorders are found in about half of cases of Noonan syndrome (NS). The most common congenital heart diseases in this syndrome include pulmonary valvular stenosis obstructive or nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (17%). Biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is very rare in this condition.

Effective action of silymarin against ketamine-induced schizophrenia in male mice: Insight into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action.

Background: Neurochemical dysregulations resulting from N-methyl-D-aspartate hypofunction (NMDA), are exacerbated by neuroimmune and oxidative stress and are known risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia-like diseases. Here, we investigate the protective and curative effects, and mechanisms of silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid with neuroprotective functions in preventive-reversal model of ketamine, an NMDA antagonist in mice.

Methods: Mice were grouped into 6 cohorts (n = 9).

IL-10R inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and reverses drug resistance in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the cancer of plasma cells within the bone marrow and remains incurable. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the tumor microenvironment often display a pro-tumor phenotype and correlate with tumor proliferation, survival, and therapy resistance. IL-10 is a key immunosuppressive cytokine that leads to recruitment and development of TAMs.

The Role of Vitamin C on ATPases Activities in Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Striatum and Cerebellum.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a silent excitotoxin used as a flavour enhancer but exerts serious health hazards to consumers. MSG plays a role in neuronal function as the dominant excitatory neurotransmitter. It is transferred into the blood and ultimately increases brain glutamate levels, causing functional disruptions notably via oxidative stress.

Coffee and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. The effective treatments for ALS remain elusive, necessitating exploration into novel preventive strategies. ALS pathogenesis is triggered by oxidative stress which results in neuroinflammation, exicitotoxicity and neuronal cell death.

Alcohol exacerbates post-traumatic stress psychiatric behavior and its neuropathological sequalae in experimental mice: preventive effects of morin.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are very prevalent and co-occurring. It is unclear how alcohol exacerbates PTSD predicaments owing to less characterized pathophysiological mechanisms. Also, studies on pharmacological agents that can effectively reverse PTSD-AUD comorbidity have, to date, been scarce.

Prevalence, pattern and determinants of substance abuse among youths in a rural community of Osun State, Southwest Nigeria.

Study Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with substance abuse among youths of Ejigbo community, Osun State, Nigeria.

Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which employed cluster sampling method to select 420 consenting youths (aged 15-24years). Data were collected using interviewer-administered, semi structured questionnaire.

Impact of Covid-19 on Residency Training in Tertiary Health Institutions in Nigeria: A National Survey.

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 had a massive impact on the health system globally. While there are many kinds of literature reporting the impact on postgraduate medical training in other parts of the world, this cannot be said about Nigeria.

Methodology: This was a national cross-sectional study among Resident doctors via an online google form survey for 8-months.

The Reconstruction of Mandible Defects in War Injuries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: There has been an increasing trend in maxillofacial injuries associated with combat trauma. Within the maxillofacial complex, the mandible is the most likely structure to be damaged during combat.

PREDICTORS OF ACUTE HEART FAILURE OUTCOMES AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN, NIGERIA.

Background: Studies of acute heart failure (AHF) outcomes suggest that there are different predictors of mortality depending on region, ethnicity, and gender.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of six months' post discharge outcome among AHF patients in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Methods And Materials: This study was a prospective observational study conducted at the cardiology unit of the Department of Medicine at the University College Hospital Ibadan.

Cancellation of Elective Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, a Tertiary Hospital Experience.

Background: Cancellation of elective surgery is said to occur when a patient's name appears on the operation list, but the operation is not done on the intended date Cancelling elective surgeries is a long-standing problem faced by many countries worldwide. Reasons for cancellation of surgery vary from one hospital to another. The goal of this study was to identify factors associated with the cancellation of scheduled Oral and maxillofacial surgeries in the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital.

Profile and Correlates of Sleep Quality and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea among Young Persons in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria.

Background: Sleep breathing disorders (SDB), especially obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), are poorly studied in the young population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OSA and its associated risk factors among young persons.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, and participants aged 16-35 years were recruited from five tertiary institutions in Ibadan, South Western, Nigeria.

Stroke occurrence by hypertension treatment status in Ghana and Nigeria: A case-control study.

Background: Hypertension is preeminent among the vascular risk factors for stroke occurrence. The wide gaps in awareness, detection, treatment, and control rates of hypertension are fueling an epidemic of stroke in sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: To quantify the contribution of untreated, treated but uncontrolled, and controlled hypertension to stroke occurrence in Ghana and Nigeria.

Use of scapular tip flaps in the reconstruction of head and neck defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Scapular tip flaps (STF) may be used as an alternative to traditional methods of reconstruction of head and neck cancer (HNC) defects. This study aimed to establish the success and complication rates for STF in HNC reconstruction. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, BMJ Journals, DARE, EMBASE databases and Cochrane (CENTRAL) register.

ACHIEVE conference proceedings: implementing action plans to reduce and control hypertension burden in Africa.

The prevalence of hypertension, the commonest risk factor for preventable disability and premature deaths, is rapidly increasing in Africa. The African Control of Hypertension through Innovative Epidemiology, and a Vibrant Ecosystem [ACHIEVE] conference was convened to discuss and initiate the co-implementation of the strategic solutions to tame this burden toward achieving a target of 80% for awareness, treatment, and control by the year 2030. Experts, including the academia, policymakers, patients, the WHO, and representatives of various hypertension and cardiology societies generated a 12-item communique for implementation by the stakeholders of the ACHIEVE ecosystem at the continental, national, sub-national, and local (primary) healthcare levels.