Application of the UNAIDS Incidence Patterns Model to Determine the Distribution of New HIV Infection in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Background: Identifying patterns in the distribution of new HIV infections in the population is critical for HIV programmatic interventions. This study aimed to determine the distribution of New HIV infection by applying the incidence patterns mathematical model to data from Lagos state.

Methods: The incidence patterns model (IPM) software is a mathematical model developed by UNAIDS to estimate the demographic and epidemic patterns of HIV infections.

Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Predicting Postoperative Recurrence Using a Correlation of Computerized Tomographic Volume with Intraoperative Volume.

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) recurrence is the most common complication following surgery.

Objective: To predict postoperative recurrence of CSDH using a correlation of the calculated preoperative brain computerized tomographic (CT) volume with the intraoperative volume.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was conducted over 14 months in a tertiary hospital in southwestern Nigeria.

Differential Clubbing and a Triad of Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Ventricular Septal Defect and Supravalvular Ring Mitral Stenosis: A Case Report.

It is not uncommon for congenital heart defects to occur in clusters. Those involving a right to left heart shunt commonly cause cyanosis and finger clubbing. Differential clubbing involving only the lower limb digits is a strong pointer to the presence of patent ductus arteriosus with reversal of shunt.

First and Second Waves of Covid-19: A Comparative Study of the Clinical Presentation and Outcome among Hospitalized Patients in Lagos Nigeria.

Objective: Nigeria experienced many waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study compared the clinical presentations and mortality among hospitalized patients during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted.

Efficacy of prophylactic use of intraoperative vancomycin powder in preventing surgical site infection in neurological surgeries in Irrua, Nigeria: A randomized controlled study.

Purpose: The objective was to determine the efficacy of intraoperative vancomycin powder in preventing SSIs in neurological surgeries.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study of patients who had clean cranial and non-implant spine surgeries at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria from February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022. Patients were randomized into two groups.

Heart failure in Nigeria: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Heart failure is now a significant contributor to the burden of non-communicable diseases in developing countries like Nigeria which is experiencing epidemiologic and demographic transition. The epidemiology of heart failure in this country is poorly characterized. The aim of the review is to determine the prevalence of heart failure, the associated risk factors, the aetiology, management, and outcomes of the condition in the country.

Challenges in conducting population-based seroepidemiology survey of COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Population-based study is known to be a very essential type of study during and after a pandemic or epidemic, as it provides crucial information on the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors of the disease in question. There has been limited information about the challenges faced in conducting such surveys in Nigeria. In this paper, we will share our experience, and describe the challenges faced in conducting a population-based seroepidemiological study of COVID-19 in Lagos, Nigeria.

Health-related quality of life among adults newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lagos State, Nigeria: a prospective study.

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) has far-reaching effects on the social, mental, and emotional well-being of patients and consequently, their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Few studies in Nigeria have examined changes in quality of life over the course of treatment. changes in (PTB) and factors associated with HRQOL.

Female monozygotic twins with sacral myelomeningocele.

Background: Concurrent myelomeningocele in twins is a rare clinical presentation, only reported twice in Nigeria.

Case Description: We present a set of identical female twins from Nigeria. Both twins were females that presented at 3 years with low back swelling since birth, associated with bisphincteric dysfunction but normal motor and sensory functions in the lower extremities.

Contemporary Management of Intracranial Subdural Empyema: An Institutional Experience.

Background: Intracranial subdural empyema (SDE) is a seemingly uncommon life-threatening ailment with varying presentations and outcomes. A variety of risk factors have been associated with predisposition to intracranial SDEs; however, they may be cryptogenic. There is an increased predilection for intracranial SDE in children and teenagers with paranasal sinusitis or middle ear infections.

Factors associated with risky sexual behaviour among clients undertaking HIV testing and counselling services at a secondary referral hospital Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: This study determined the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour and its associated factors among clients who accessed HIV counselling and testing services at a secondary referral hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective review of clients' records was conducted. The Client Intake Form of people who accessed HIV counselling and testing services at Mainland Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria between July 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, were reviewed.

Pediatric brain abscess - etiology, management challenges and outcome in Lagos Nigeria.

Background: Brain abscess in children is a neurosurgical emergency with potentially catastrophic outcome despite the advances made in neuroimaging techniques and antibiotic therapy. Symptoms are nonspecific and may vary with the child's age, location, size, numbers and stage of abscess, and the primary source of infection. Treatment is usually with broad-spectrum antibiotics in combination and surgical evacuation in most cases or antibiotics alone in selected cases with clear-cut indications.

Early Outcome of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy With Choroid Plexus Cauterization Versus Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt as Primary Treatment of Hydrocephalus in Children With Myelomeningocele: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Myelomeningocele is associated with hydrocephalus in 35% to 90% of cases. Hydrocephalus is usually treated with insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt; however, there is growing evidence that endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) is an alternative.

Objective: To compare the success rate and morbidity of ETV with CPC and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) as the primary treatment of hydrocephalus in patients with myelomeningocele.

Use of modern contraceptives in Lagos Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic.

We estimated modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) and examined predictors of modern contraceptives utilization amongst 1,445 sampled reproductive age women in Lagos (Nigeria's epicenter) during the devastating COVID-19 pandemic. Estimated mCPR was 30.8%.

Morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without hypertension in Lagos, Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown epidemiological and clinical characteristics that appear worsened in hypertensive patients. The morbidity and mortality of the disease among hypertensive patients in Africa have yet to be well described.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study all confirmed COVID-19 adult patients (≥18 years of age) in Lagos between February 27 to July 62,020 were included.

Psychosocial health effects of Covid-19 infection on persons in treatment centers in Lagos, Nigeria.

Introduction: Prior research has highlighted the psychosocial impact of infectious diseases on individuals and the community at large. However, little is known about the psychosocial implications of COVID-19. This study set out to determine the rate as well as correlates of anxiety and depressive symptoms among persons managed as in-patients for COVID-19 in Lagos, Nigeria.

Passive Control of Indoor Formaldehyde by Mixed-Metal Oxide Latex Paints.

This work reports the incorporation of mixed-metal oxides (MMOs) such as Si/Ti and Si/Zr into latex paints in the form of thin coatings for permanent trapping of indoor formaldehyde. The formaldehyde removal performance of the surface coatings was evaluated in a lab-scale indoor air chamber, and the results were compared with those of powder analogues. Due to the pore blockage by the latex, the incorporation led to 6-30% reduction in adsorption capacity and 50-70% drop in the adsorption rate for MMO-latex paints relative to their powder MMO analogues.

Outcomes of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities in southwest Nigeria.

Background: Data on the comorbidities that result in negative outcomes for people with COVID-19 are currently scarce for African populations. This study identifies comorbidities that predict death among a large sample of COVID-19 patients from Nigeria.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of medical records for 2184 laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Lagos, southwest Nigeria.

Clinical presentation, case management and outcomes for the first 32 COVID-19 patients in Nigeria.

Introduction: Success in curtailing the pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) depends largely on a sound understanding of the epidemiologic and clinical profile of cases in a population as well as the case management approach. This study documents the presenting characteristics, treatment modalities and outcomes of the first 32 COVID-19 patients in Nigeria.

Methods: This retrospective study used medical records of the first 32 patients admitted and discharged from the Mainland Hospital, Lagos State, southwest Nigeria between February 27 and April 6, 2020.

Diagnostic Accuracy of a Clinical Scoring Scheme in Childhood Heart Failure.

Background: Heart failure remains a major health problem. But its early diagnosis remains a significant challenge especially among the Paediatric population. A standardized highly sensitive and specific clinical basis of diagnosis requiring no sophisticated equipment readily elicitable at the patients beside at presentation is required.

Assessment of stability of a Himalayan road cut slope with varying degrees of weathering: A finite-element-model-based approach.

Slope stability assessment is essential for safe and sustainable development widely applied in mining, civil, and environmental engineering projects around the world. This study aimed to conduct a stability analysis of a selected Himalayan road cut slope from two different sections, named sections (A) and (B). The strength reduction factor (SRF) based on the finite element method was used to simulate the slope sections using Phase2 software.

Determinants of anthropometric characteristics of under-five children in internally displaced persons´ camps in Abuja municipal area council, Abuja, Nigeria.

Introduction: displacement predisposes to deprivation and hunger and consequently malnutrition. In Nigeria, information on anthropometric characteristics and associated factors among displaced under-five children is important to strengthen strategies to ameliorate malnutrition and promote child health. This study was conducted to identify the determinants on anthropometric indices among under-five children in internally displaced persons' camps in Abuja, Nigeria.

Predictive ability of symptomatology in COVID-19 during Active case search in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Background: In April 2020, a community-based active case search surveillance system of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was developed by the emergency outbreak committee in Lagos State. This followed the evidence of community transmission of coronavirus disease in the twenty Local Government Areas in Lagos State. This study assessed the value of respiratory and other symptoms in predicting positive SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).