Publications by authors named "Addo O"
Article Synopsis
- Hemoglobin and hematocrit are common tests to identify anemia, but their results can differ significantly, particularly in children and pregnant individuals.
- The study analyzed data from 7,052 children and 1,437 pregnant persons, revealing that anemia estimates based on hemoglobin and hematocrit varied, with a notable percentage detected by only one test.
- The findings suggest that using these biomarkers interchangeably could lead to underdiagnosis and lack of treatment for anemia, emphasizing the need for accurate assessments in clinical practice.
Article Synopsis
- Diversity is crucial for the health and diet quality of adolescents under 15, but there wasn't an existing indicator for assessing their dietary diversity.
- Researchers established a new indicator called the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Adolescents (MDD-A) by analyzing dietary data, focusing on the adequacy of 11 micronutrients using a scoring system based on food groups.
- Findings suggest that a minimum intake of 6 food groups in a day can indicate good micronutrient adequacy, with further research needed to validate this measurement in various settings.
Introduction: Blood source is a known preanalytical factor affecting hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, and there is evidence that capillary and venous blood may yield disparate Hb levels and anemia prevalence. However, data from adolescents are scarce.
Objective: To compare Hb and anemia prevalence measured by venous and individual pooled capillary blood among a sample of girls aged 10-19 years from 232 schools in four regions of Ghana in 2022.
Article Synopsis
- Serum ferritin (SF) is the primary measure for diagnosing iron deficiency (ID) in pregnancy, with the World Health Organization recommending different SF thresholds for the first trimester.
- The study analyzed data from 1288 pregnant women to determine better SF thresholds for iron-deficient erythropoiesis across all trimesters, revealing lower SF levels in the second and third trimesters.
- The findings suggest that the current <15 μg/L criterion may underestimate ID prevalence, indicating that revised thresholds (∼25 μg/L in the first trimester and ∼20 μg/L in later trimesters) could identify an additional 10% of pregnant women as iron deficient.
Patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) are often perceived to have poor growth when general population growth curves are utilized. We hypothesize that FA patients have unique growth and aimed to create FA-specific growth charts. Height and weight data from ages 0 to 20 years were extracted from medical records of patients treated at the Fanconi Anemia Comprehensive Care Clinic at the University of Minnesota.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network (CHAMPS) identifies causes of under-5 mortality in high mortality countries.
Objective: To address challenges in postmortem nutritional assessment, we evaluated the impact of anthropometry training and the feasibility of 3D imaging on data quality within the CHAMPS Kenya site.
Design: Staff were trained using World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended manual anthropometry equipment and novel 3D imaging methods to collect postmortem measurements.
Background: Food fortification and micronutrient supplementation are public health strategies to improve micronutrient status in Guatemala; their population effectiveness has not been evaluated in recent years.
Objective: We evaluated trends in food fortification, micronutrient supplementation, anemia, and iron deficiency among nonpregnant women aged 15-49 y [women of reproductive age (WRA)] and children 6-59 aged mo [preschool age children (PSC)].
Method: Nationally representative serial cross-sectional surveys were used to assess changes in hemoglobin, anemia, ferritin, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, and self-reported consumption of fortifiable foods and micronutrient supplements during 2008/2009, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019.
Introduction: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) created separate growth charts for girls and boys because growth patterns and rates differ between sexes. However, scenarios exist in which this dichotomizing "girls versus boys" approach may not be ideal, including the care of non-binary youth or transgender youth undergoing transitions consistent with their gender identity. There is therefore a need for growth charts that age smooth differences in pubertal timing between sexes to determine how youth are growing as "children" versus "girls or boys" (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although the importance of adolescent nutrition has gained attention in the global nutrition community, there is a gap in research focused on adolescent dietary diversity and food group consumption.
Objectives: This study aimed to characterize population-level food group consumption patterns and quantify the extent of dietary diversity among United States adolescents using a large nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 10-19 y.
Methods: We used 24-h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018 to construct the 10 food groups comprising the minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) indicator and estimated the prevalence of intake of each food group.
Micronutrient deficiency is a common global health problem, and accurately assessing micronutrient biomarkers is crucial for planning and managing effective intervention programs. However, analyzing micronutrient data and applying appropriate cutoffs to define deficiencies can be challenging, particularly when considering the confounding effects of inflammation on certain micronutrient biomarkers. To address this challenge, we developed the Statistical Apparatus of Micronutrient Biomarker Analysis (SAMBA) R package, a new tool that increases ease and accessibility of population-based micronutrient biomarker analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Anemia is defined by a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration lower than normal based on cutoffs specific to age, sex, and pregnancy status. Hb increases with elevation as an adaptive response to lower blood oxygen saturation, thus, adjusting Hb concentrations for elevation is necessary before applying cutoffs.
Objectives: Recent evidence among preschool-aged children (PSC) and nonpregnant reproductive-aged women (WRA) suggests that current World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended Hb adjustments for elevation need updating.
Background: Current WHO serum ferritin (SF) thresholds for iron deficiency (ID) in children (<12 μg/L) and women (<15 μg/L) are derived from expert opinion based on radiometric assays in use decades ago. Using a contemporary immunoturbidimetry assay, higher thresholds (children, <20 μg/L; women, <25 μg/L) were identified from physiologically based analyses.
Objective: We examined relationships of SF measured using an immunoradiometric assay from the era of expert opinion with 2 independently measured indicators of ID, hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (eZnPP), using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994).
Background: Practice-based experiences documenting development and implementation of nutrition and health surveillance systems are needed.
Objectives: To describe processes, methods, and lessons learned from developing and implementing a population-based household nutrition and health surveillance system in Guatemala.
Methods: The phases and methods for the design and implementation of the surveillance system are described.
Our objective is to develop a physiologically based method to determine serum ferritin thresholds for iron deficiency in healthy individuals. The current World Health Organization threshold of <15 µg/L for iron deficiency in women is based on expert opinion. We examined the relationship between serum ferritin and 2 independently measured indicators of iron-deficient erythropoiesis, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and hemoglobin, in baseline data from 286 women, 20 to 49 years, who were first-time or reactivated donors in the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II Donor Iron Status Evaluation (REDS-RISE) study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Standardized practices are needed in the analysis of inflammation biomarker values outside limits of detection (LODs) when used for inflammation correction of nutritional biomarkers.
Objective: We assessed the direction and extent to which serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP) values outside LODs (<0.05 mg/L and >4.
Background: Young children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) require small doses (0.1-1.25 mg) of hydrocortisone (HC) to control excess androgen production and avoid the negative effects of overtreatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Anemia, defined as low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration insufficient to meet an individual's physiological needs, is the most common blood condition worldwide.
Objective: To evaluate the current World Health Organization (WHO) Hb cutoffs for defining anemia among persons who are apparently healthy and to assess threshold validity with a biomarker of tissue iron deficiency and physiological indicator of erythropoiesis (soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]) using multinational data.
Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected and evaluated from 30 household, population-based nutrition surveys of preschool children aged 6 to 59 months and nonpregnant women aged 15 to 49 years during 2005 to 2016 across 25 countries.
Background: To address the burden of anemia in adolescent girls in Ghana, the Girls' Iron-Folate Tablet Supplementation (GIFTS) program was established in 2017. An evaluation found that although iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation reached nearly all adolescent girls in schools during year 1, most girls received fewer than the minimum effective number of tablets over the school year. Barrier analyses highlighted schools as drivers of adherence, though information was incomplete on the reasons for the disparities among schools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Serum ferritin concentrations are the most widely used indicator for iron deficiency. WHO determined that insufficient data are available to revise the serum ferritin thresholds of less than 12 μg/L for children and less than 15 μg/L for women, which were developed on the basis of expert opinion, to define iron deficiency. We aimed to derive new physiologically based serum ferritin concentration thresholds for iron deficiency in healthy young children and non-pregnant women using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: School-based iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation is recommended for adolescent girls in countries with high burdens of anemia.
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the context-specific effectiveness of a school-based, integrated anemia control program with IFA supplementation in Ghana.
Methods: Using data from a pre-post, longitudinal program evaluation, we evaluated the effectiveness of school-based weekly IFA supplementation in reducing the burden of anemia and increasing hemoglobin concentrations (Hb; primary outcomes) in 2 regions of Ghana.
Purpose: In high-income countries, early and rapid pubertal development is consistently associated with poor adjustment and increased risk behavior in adolescence. This study contributes to the meager knowledge of these associations in lower income countries.
Methods: We used longitudinal data from 1,784 urban black South Africans in the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort.