A Bacterial-Sourced Protein Diet Induces Beneficial Shifts in the Gut Microbiome of the Zebrafish, .

Background: Bacterial-sourced single-cell proteins (SCPs) offer an alternative protein source for diet formulation for Zebrafish ( and other aquaculture models. In addition, the use of a single-cell bacterial protein source derived from multiple species provides a unique insight into the interplay among nutrients in the diet, microbial populations in the diet, and the gut microbiome in .

Objective: Our objective in this study was to evaluate the impact of dietary replacement of fish protein hydrolysate in a standard reference (SR) with a single-cell bacterial protein source on gut microbiome.

Replacement of Dietary Fish Protein With Bacterial Single Cell Protein Results in Decreased Adiposity Coupled With Liver Expression Changes in Female Danio Rerio.

Background: Effective use of as a preclinical model requires standardization of macronutrient sources to achieve scientific reproducibility across studies and labs. Our objective was to evaluate single cell protein (SCP) for production of open-source standardized diets with defined heath characteristics for the zebrafish research community. We completed a 16-week feeding trial using juvenile 31 days post-fertilization (dpf) (10 tanks per diet, 14 per tank) with formulated diets containing either a typical fish protein ingredient or a novel bacterial SCP source.

Body Metrics and the Gut Microbiome in Response to Macronutrient Limitation in the Zebrafish .

Background: Healthy and predictable physiologic homeostasis is paramount in animal models for biomedical research. Proper macronutrient intake is an essential and controllable environmental factor for maintaining animal health and promoting experimental reproducibility.

Objective And Methods: Evaluate reductions in dietary macronutrient composition on body weight metrics, composition, and gut microbiome in Danio rerio.

Feed Intake as an Estimation of Attractability in Pacific White Shrimp .

A simple bioassay that quantifies feed intake as an estimation of relative attractability of feeds containing different ingredients in the Pacific white shrimp is described. Fish meal (FM), fish protein hydrolysate (FPH), squid meal (SqM) and casein (CN) were assessed at the same dietary level for their relative influence on feed intake rates of . A bland diet containing 92% whole wheat grain meal, 6% diatomaceous earth and 2% alginate with a known low attractability was used as the standard control or base diet.

Dietary supplementation of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) in Pacific white shrimp, , cultured in a recirculating system and its effects on gut microflora, growth, stress, and immune response.

This study was designed to examine the effects of a prebiotic compound on the immune system, digestive tract histology, and stress physiology of shrimp. The specific effects of dietary supplementation of the prebiotic galactooligosaccharide (GOS or GTGOS) on shrimp health are scarce. This experiment, therefore attempted to evaluate the effects of GOS on growth, survival, intestinal microbiota, stress resistance and immune responses of Pacific white shrimp, .

Effects of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth, survival, gut microflora, stress, and immune response in Pacific white shrimp, , cultured in a recirculating system.

The present study investigated the effects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as dietary supplements on stress, immune response, gut microbiota, growth, and survivability of three different treatment groups of Pacific white shrimp, , cultured in a recirculating system. The experiment was conducted over a 35-day trial period. Shrimps were fed diets, 15 times a day using automated feeder, supplemented with GOS at 0%, 0.

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate on Weight Gain and Gonad Production in Small Sea Urchins, .

In experiment 1, juvenile sea urchins (n = 80, 0.088 ± 0.001 g wet weight and 5.

PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF DIETARY PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE IN THE CULTURE OF JUVENILE SEA URCHIN .

Juvenile (ca. 3.95± 0.

Optimizing dietary levels of menhaden and soybean oils and soybean lecithin for pre-gonadal somatic growth in juveniles of the sea urchin .

Dietary lipids serve as important sources of energy and essential fatty acids for aquatic animals. Sources of animal and plant oils are increasingly limited as well as expensive, and dietary requirements associated with the inclusion of these oils must be carefully evaluated to facilitate sustainable and affordable formulations. In this study, we investigated quantities of menhaden oil (MO) with and without soybean lecithin or soybean oil (SO) to determine appropriate levels for optimal somatic growth for pre-gonadal juvenile .

EFFECT OF DIETARY PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE LEVELS ON WEIGHT GAIN AND GONAD PRODUCTION IN THE SEA URCHIN .

Adult were fed eight formulated diets with different protein (ranging from 12 to 36%) and carbohydrate (ranging from 21 to 39 %) levels. Each sea urchin (n = 8 per treatment) was fed a daily sub-satiation ration of 1.5% of average body weight for 9 weeks.

EFFECT OF DIET QUALITY ON NUTRIENT ALLOCATION TO THE TEST AND ARISTOTLE'S LANTERN IN THE SEA URCHIN LYTECHINUS VARIEGATUS (LAMARCK, 1816).

Small adult (19.50 ± 2.01g wet weight) Lytechinus variegatus were fed eight formulated diets with different protein (12 to 36% dry weight as fed) and carbohydrate (21 to 39 % dry weight) levels.

Acetylcholinesterase in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus: characterization and developmental expression in larvae.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the echinoid Lytechinus variegatus has been characterized. Kinetic parameters V(max), K(m), K(ss), and b were 2594+/-1048 nmol ATCh hydrolyzed/min/mg tissue wet weight, 185+/-11 microM, 308+/-100 mM, and 0.2, respectively for the substrate ATCh and 17.

Dietary supplementation of short-chain fructooligosaccharides influences gastrointestinal microbiota composition and immunity characteristics of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultured in a recirculating system.

Supplementation of prebiotic compounds, including short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) has been shown to confer benefits on nutrient utilization, growth, and disease resistance of various animal species through improved gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota. However, potential uses of prebiotics for shrimp have not been defined. A 6-wk feeding trial was conducted in a recirculating system to determine the effects of scFOS supplementation on growth performance, immune functions, and GI microbiota composition of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

The effect of feeding frequency on consumption of food, absorption efficiency, and gonad production in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus.

The frequency of feeding in the field is variable in sea urchins, ranging from nearly continuous to diel or intermittent. It is essential to know the effect of feeding interval on physiological and metabolic processes to understand the basis for production. Lytechinus variegatus (50 mm horizontal diameter) were collected in January 1999 and held in closed-circuit aquaria at 25 degrees C and 35 per thousand salinity.

Fine structure of the midgut epithelium in the developing brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus.

The midgut epithelium of larval and early postlarval brown shrimp has been studied with light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally the features of the midgut do not change during these stages of development. On the basis of electron density, two epithelial cell types can be distinguished, and these are referred to as light and dark cells.