A snapshot on introspection of autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by restricted interests and difficulty with social communication. ASD is characterized by heightened neuroinflammation and irregular neuronal connections. ASD is more frequent in male than female with male-female ratio of around 4:1.

A Snapshot of Biomarkers in Psoriasis.

A persistent long-standing, inflammatory skin condition that is brought on by a variety of factors is psoriasis. It is distinguished by itchy, scaly, reddish plaques, particularly on areas of the body that are frequently chafed, including the extensor sites of the limbs. Recent developments in molecular-targeted therapy that use biologics or small-molecule inhibitors can effectively cure even the worst psoriatic indications.

Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-conditioned Media with Natural Immunomodulatory Agent Resveratrol on Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a condition marked by elevated blood sugar levels and primarily recognized by the destruction of beta cells caused by an autoimmune attack, which is a significant characteristic of T1DM. Recent studies have demonstrated the regenerative potential of conditioned medium therapy. In light of this, the current research sought to assess the impact of Mesenchymal Stem Cell conditioned media (CM) and CM with resveratrol (CM+ Resveratrol) on the management of T1DM in Swiss albino mice.

Triphala Churna-A Traditional Formulation in Ayurveda Mitigates Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats.

Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes affecting a large number of people worldwide. Triphala churna is a formulation mentioned in Ayurveda-a traditional system of medicine. It is a simple powder formulation consisting of powders of three fruits, L.

Triphala Ameliorates Nephropathy via Inhibition of TGF-β1 and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats.

Introduction: Advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, and TGF-β expression play a crucial role in pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Inhibition of oxidative stress and TGF-β expression by natural traditional medicines may give an economic and safe alternative treatment option. Triphala churna, a traditional medicine, has been proved to have potent antioxidant activity, and individual components of it have shown significant antidiabetic activity.

The effect of bupropion augmentation of minocycline in the treatment of depression.

The aim of the current study was to analyse the augmentation of minocycline with bupropion in treating depression. 'Saline' (10 ml/kg), 'minocycline per se' (25 mg/kg), 'minocycline per se' (50 mg/kg), 'bupropion per se' (5 mg/kg), 'bupropion per se' (10 mg/kg) and 'bupropion + minocycline' (5 mg/kg + 25 mg/kg each) were administered to mice via the intraperitoneal route. In the forced swim and tail suspension test, the immobility period was analysed after 30 min of the treatment.

Catechin attenuates diabetic autonomic neuropathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) is one of the least understood and attended complications which affects the quality of life. Increased oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), overactivation of protein kinase C (PKC) and reduced myoinositol content in autonomic nerves are major pathological conditions responsible for DAN. Limited treatment options appeal researchers to search for alternative treatments for DAN.

Preventive measures in oral cancer: An overview.

Worldwide oral cancer is creating an alarming situation and it's a matter of global concern as it is the 11th most common carcinoma around the globe. After cardiovascular ailments, cancer is the next biggest killer. Approximately 90% of the total oral malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas.

Investigation into the Role of PI3K and JAK3 Kinase Inhibitors in Murine Models of Asthma.

Asthma is a clinical disorder commonly characterized by chronic eosinophilic inflammation, remodeling and hyper responsiveness of the airways. However, the kinases like Phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) and Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) are involved in mast cell proliferation, activation, recruitment, migration, and prolonged survival of inflammatory cells. The present study was designed to evaluate the comparative effects of two kinase inhibitors on airway inflammation and airway remodeling in acute and chronic models of asthma.

Development of collateral vessels: A new paradigm in CAM angiogenesis model.

The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is one of the most widely used models to study angiogenesis. In this study, collateral vessel development is reported in CAM assay useful in analysis of angiogenesis. Four days old white Leghorn fertilized chicken eggs were inoculated with vehicle, standard or test angiogenesis inhibitor using standard protocol.

Enhancement of nootropic effect of duloxetine and bupropion by caffeine in mice.

Objective: The existing evidence suggests an association between depression and memory impairment. The objective of present study was to assess the effect of low dose caffeine with duloxetine and bupropion on memory.

Materials And Methods: Mice were divided randomly into seven groups.

Effect of a combination of duloxetine with hydroxyzine on experimental models of anxiety in mice.

Objective: There is a strong association between depression and anxiety. Duloxetine, an antidepressant agent, is also used in the treatment of anxiety. Hydroxyzine is preferred over benzodiazepines in the treatment of anxiety.

The Combination of Antidepressant Duloxetine with Piracetam in Mice does not Produce Enhancement of Nootropic Activity.

There is a strong association between depression and memory impairment. The present study aims to assess the nootropic activity of duloxetine and piracetam combination. Male Swiss Albino mice were divided randomly into 4 groups.

Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy by orange peel extract in rats.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of alcoholic orange peel extract (OPE) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, treatment with OPE (100 and 200 mg/kg) was further given for 4 weeks. Treatment with OPE 200 improved renal functions and significantly prevented the increase in creatinine, urea and blood urea nitrogen levels.

Augmentation of antidepressant effects of duloxetine and bupropion by caffeine in mice.

There is an unmet need in the treatment of depression suggesting requirement of new therapeutic approaches having better efficacy and safety profile. Patients receiving antidepressant therapy generally consume caffeine in the form of tea or coffee. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the augmentation of antidepressant effects of duloxetine and/or bupropion with caffeine.

Renoprotective activity of aliskiren, a renin inhibitor in cyclosporine A induced hypertensive nephropathy in dTG mice.

Background: Hypertensive nephropathy is moving up the charts to number 2 after diabetic nephropathy in terms of diagnostic frequency cited as causing end stage renal disease (ESRD).

Method: Hypertensive nephropathy was produced in mildly hypertensive C57BL/6-(hREN)/(hAGT) double transgenic (dTG) mice with 20 mg/kg of cyclosporine A (CsA) administered subcutaneously (sc) daily for 28 days. CsA dose 20 mg/kg was selected for the study as this dose offered significant alteration in blood pressure, biochemical parameters and moderate nephropathy in kidney.

Enhancement of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 inhibitory action of minocycline by aspirin: an approach to attenuate outcome of acute myocardial infarction in diabetes.

Background And Aims: Diabetes is a risk factor for exacerbated outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and doubles the risk of mortality after MI. Increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in diabetes cause vascular remodelling, which leads to cardiovascular complications of diabetes. We hypothesized that inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 can reduce worsening of myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients.

Impact of pre-exposure of tail suspension on behavioural parameters like locomotion, exploration, and anxiety in mice.

The tail suspension test (TST) is a valid tool for assessing antidepressant activity. Association between depression and lower locomotion and exploration activities is also reported. In the present study, photoactometer, hole board and elevated plus maze tests were performed to evaluate locomotion, exploration and anxiety activities on animals of first and second set, however animals of second set were pre-exposed to TST.

Effects of Gmelina arborea extract on experimentally induced diabetes.

Objective: To study the effects of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea bark on normoglycemic levels and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats.

Methods: After single administration of the aqueous extract, plasma glucose level was determined up to 6 h. In subacute study, the aqueous extract was administered for 28 d and plasma glucose level was determined weekly.

The potentials of selected therapeutic targets for inflammation: a snapshot.

Inflammation is a complex integrated host response to infection and injury. Inflammatory cells respond to foreign substances and inflammatory stimulus by producing various chemical bioactive mediators such as prostanoids, cytokines and chemokines. These mediators have complex, pleiotropic effects and interact with many cell types and cellular pathways to amplify the inflammatory response.

Potentiation of aspirin-induced cerebroprotection by minocycline: a therapeutic approach to attenuate exacerbation of transient focal cerebral ischaemia.

Cerebrovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and disability in adults. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cerebral ischaemia and is associated with worse clinical outcome following an event. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in diabetes appears to play a role in vascular complications of diabetes.

Minocycline with aspirin: an approach to attenuate diabetic nephropathy in rats.

Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in diabetes leads to nephropathy. Cyclooxygenases (COX) further increase levels of these MMPs. The objective of present study was to inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 by combination of minocycline and aspirin to treat diabetic nephropathy.

Toxicological studies on aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea in rodents.

Context:  Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae) is an important medicinal plant in the traditional system of medicine of India. The plant is used in the treatment of snake-bites, fever, piles, and diabetes.

Attenuation of diabetic retinopathy by enhanced inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 using aspirin and minocycline in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Interruptions of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) have been shown to reduce the ensuing threatening risk factors of vascular complications of diabetes by alteration in Extracellular Matrix (ECM). We hypothesized that minocycline induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition can be enhanced by aspirin, a non-selective COX and tPA inhibitor and this combination can reduce progression of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.

Minocycline with aspirin: a therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

Enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in diabetes leads to degradation of extracellular matrix in blood vessels and leads to complications of diabetes. In the present study, we have targeted MMP-2 and MMP-9 overactivation in diabetic neuropathy using a known MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitor, minocycline, with a non-selective COX inhibitor, aspirin. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy was carried out in male Wistar rats and monitored by measuring the sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), tail flick latency and hot plate latency.