Determinants of meconium-stained amniotic fluid among laboring mother in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) occurs during childbirth when the amniotic fluid carries traces of meconium, the initial stool passed by a newborn. Often signaling fetal distress, MSAF is linked to heightened risks for both the mother and the newborn. In Ethiopia, there is insufficient attention given to this condition.

Aberrant right coronary artery in an elderly Nigerian with recent dyspnoea detected on coronary CT angiogram.

An anomalous origin of the right coronary artery has been documented in up to 0.92% of the general population, which is more common than an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery. We present a case of an elderly hypertensive man who developed mild dyspnoea on exertion for 3 months with associated retro-sternal pain as well as occasional palpitation which all tend to subside at rest.

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan for medical applications: A review.

Chitosan has gained considerable recognition within the field of medical applications due to its exceptional biocompatibility and diverse range of properties. Nevertheless, prior reviews have primarily focused on its applications, offering limited insights into its source materials. Hence, there arises a compelling need for a comprehensive review that encompasses the entire chitin and chitosan life cycle: from the source of chitin and chitosan, extraction methods, and specific medical applications, to the various techniques employed in evaluating chitosan's properties.

Comparative effectiveness of daptomycin versus vancomycin among patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: In the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSIs), vancomycin stands as the prevalent therapeutic agent. Daptomycin remains an alternative antibiotic to treat MRSA BSIs in cases where vancomycin proves ineffective. However, studies have conflicted on whether daptomycin is more effective than vancomycin among patients with MRSA BSI.

Postoperative analgesic effects of intravenous dexamethasone for patients undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia at Dilla University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, 2023: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: The use of cesarean section (CS) worldwide has increased to unprecedented levels. In Ethiopia, the CS delivery rate is above the rate recommended by the WHO. The postoperative pain experience is moderate to severe in most patients during their postoperative period.

Tropical Data: Approach and Methodology as Applied to Trachoma Prevalence Surveys.

Purpose: Population-based prevalence surveys are essential for decision-making on interventions to achieve trachoma elimination as a public health problem. This paper outlines the methodologies of Tropical Data, which supports work to undertake those surveys.

Methods: Tropical Data is a consortium of partners that supports health ministries worldwide to conduct globally standardised prevalence surveys that conform to World Health Organization recommendations.

Protecting healthcare workers and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of baseline and follow-up infection prevention and control needs in Nigerian military healthcare facilities delivering HIV services.

Background: Protecting the HIV health workforce is critical for continuity of services for people living with HIV, particularly during a pandemic. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the Nigerian Ministry of Defence, in partnership with the US Military HIV Research Program, took steps to improve infection prevention and control (IPC) practices among staff working in select PEPFAR-supported Nigerian military health facilities.

Methods: We identified a set of IPC activities a priori for implementation at four Nigerian military hospitals in HIV and related departments in early 2021, including continuous medical masking, physical distancing, placement of additional hand washing stations and hand sanitizers throughout facilities, and training.

Evidence-based guideline on chronic postsurgical pain management in adult patients in resource-restricted setting, 2023: systematic review and guideline.

Background: Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after tissue trauma is frequent and may have a long-lasting impact on the functioning and quality of life. The development of CPSP increases the burden on both the patient and the community. This review aims to systematically review articles and, lastly, pull an evidence-based guideline for CPSP management in adult patients in resource-limited areas.

Effects of Hyperbaric and Isobaric Bupivacaine on Hemodynamic Profiles and Block Characteristics Among Parturients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a surgical procedure where the baby is delivered through incisions made in the abdomen and uterus. Bupivacaine is a widely recognized local anesthetic available in different baricity and it is frequently used for spinal anesthesia. The baricity of bupivacaine impacts hemodynamic profiles and block characteristics.

Analysis of diagnoses of chest injuries in a Nigerian trauma center.

Background: Chest injury is one of the most common types of trauma-related injuries accounting for about 10% of trauma admissions in emergency services. The injuries may be immediate, life-threatening, or potentially life-threatening based on diagnosis after initial assessment. This study is intended to analyze the pattern of diagnosis found in chest-injured patients in a trauma center of a developing country.

Evidence-based guideline on management of status epilepticus in adult intensive care unit in resource-limited settings: a review article.

Unlabelled: Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening condition associated with at least 5 min of continuous seizures or repeated seizures without regaining consciousness between episodes. It is a medical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. The most common causes of SE are previous seizures, stroke, trauma, metabolic disorders, and central nervous system tumor.

Proportion of births protected against neonatal tetanus and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth within the past 6 months in Gozamn district, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Today, neonatal tetanus accounts for a significant portion of newborn and under-5 mortality - 40% and 57%, respectively - and is the most prevalent cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing nations. As a result, more study on birth protection against neonatal tetanus is required because it is such a terrible condition with such a high death rate and there is a need for more recent evidence on it. From April 1 to 30, 2022, a community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Gozamn district of Northwest Ethiopia.

Effect of multi-month antiretroviral dispensing on HIV clinic attendance at 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Yaba, Nigeria.

Multi-month dispensing (MMD) of antiretroviral therapy has demonstrated benefits for HIV patients and health service delivery systems, including reduced frequency of hospital visits and improved retention. We evaluated the effect of 6-monthly dispensing (MMD6) on patient clinic attendance at a single military facility in the one-year pre- and post-policy change.: This was a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study, exploring the relationship between MMD6 and clinic attendance numbers.

Thoracic trauma in national hospital Abuja, Nigeria: The epidemiology, injury severity and initial management options.

Background: Trauma is the leading cause of death in individuals between the ages of 1 and 44 years and it is the third commonest cause of death regardless of age. Thoracic trauma is a relatively common cause of preventable death among trauma patients. The spectrum of injuries after blunt chest trauma presents a challenging problem to the emergency physician.

Evidence-Based Guideline on Prevention and Management of Shivering After Spinal Anesthesia in Resource-Limited Settings: Review Article.

Background: Perioperative shivering is a common problem faced in anesthesia practice. Unless it is properly managed and prevented, it causes discomfort and devastating problems, especially in patients with cardiorespiratory problems. Surgery, anesthesia, exposure of skin in a cool operating theater, and administration of unwarmed fluids are some of the major causes for the development of shivering among surgical patients.

The Nigerian Military Public Health Response to COVID-19: A 14-Month Appraisal.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality since its emergence in December 2019. In Nigeria, the government inaugurated the Presidential Task Force on COVID-19 to coordinate resources while the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control led the public health response. The Nigeria Ministry of Defence Health Implementation Programme (MODHIP), in partnership with the US Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa/Nigeria, responded immediately to the pandemic by establishing a public health emergency operations center to coordinate the military response in support of national efforts.

Sacrococcygeal Agenesis with Sacral Lipoma in a Child of a Non-Diabetic Mother.

Sacrococcygeal agenesis or caudal regression syndrome is an uncommon disorder in which there is partial or total agenesis of the sacrum with or without lumbar involvement. Very few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 7-year-old child of a non-diabetic mother who presented with complaints of urinary and faecal incontinence since birth.

Clinical similarities and differences between two large HIV cohorts in the United States and Africa.

Background: Washington, DC, and sub-Saharan Africa are both affected by generalized HIV epidemics. However, care for persons living with HIV (PLWH) and clinical outcomes may differ in these geographically and culturally diverse areas. We compared patient and clinical site characteristics among adult persons living with HIV (PLWH) enrolled in two longitudinal HIV cohort studies-the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) and the DC Cohort.

Clinical factors and outcomes associated with immune non-response among virally suppressed adults with HIV from Africa and the United States.

A significant minority of people living with HIV (PLWH) achieve viral suppression (VS) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) but do not regain healthy CD4 counts. Clinical factors affecting this immune non-response (INR) and its effect on incident serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs) have been challenging to understand due to confounders that are difficult to control in many study settings. The U.

Assessing the impact of HIV support groups on antiretroviral therapy adherence and viral suppression in the African cohort study.

Background: Support groups for people living with HIV (PLWH) may improve HIV care adherence and outcomes. We assessed the impact of support group attendance on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and viral suppression in four African countries.

Methods: The ongoing African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) enrolls participants at 12 clinics in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Nigeria.

A systematic analysis on prevalence and sub-regional distribution of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults in African countries.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of diabetes in Africa, the extent of undiagnosed diabetes in the region is still poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults in Africa.

Methods: We conducted a systematic desk review and electronic web-based search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the World Health Organization's Hinari portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), identifying peer-reviewed research studies on the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among adult individuals using pre-defined quality and inclusion criteria.

Attaining 95-95-95 through Implementation Science: 15 Years of Insights and Best Practices from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research's Implementation of the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.

The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) supports more than 350,000 people on lifesaving HIV treatment in Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda through funding from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).