Immunomodulatory intervention with interferon-γ in Escherichia coli pyelonephritis.

Purpose: We investigated the efficacy of recombinant human interferon-γ in experimental pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli.

Materials And Methods: Pyelonephritis was induced by intrapelvic inoculation of bacteria after ureteral ligation in 38 rabbits assigned to 1 of 3 groups, including group 1-16 controls, group 2-14 rabbits treated with intravenous recombinant human interferon-γ and group 3-8 rabbits treated with intravenous recombinant human interferon-γ plus amikacin. Bacterial counts, cytokines and malondialdehyde were measured in blood.

Efficacy and pharmacodynamics of linezolid, alone and in combination with rifampicin, in an experimental model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of oral linezolid, with or without rifampicin, on valve vegetations and secondary foci of infection compared with vancomycin, in the absence or presence of rifampicin, in experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods: Treatment groups were controls (n = 16), linezolid (n = 15), vancomycin (n = 15), linezolid and rifampicin (n = 15), vancomycin and rifampicin (n = 13), linezolid relapse (n = 11) and vancomycin relapse (n = 9). Therapy lasted 5 days in all groups, with survival of animals in the linezolid relapse and vancomycin relapse groups being recorded for an additional 5 days.

Immunomodulatory effect of three-day continuous administration of clarithromycin for experimental sepsis due to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Based on former animal studies showing the effect of clarithromycin in experimental sepsis by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa following administration of single doses, the significance of its administration for three consecutive days was evaluated. Acute pyelonephritis was induced in 20 rabbits after inoculation of the test isolate in the renal pelvis. Therapy was administered upon signs of sepsis in group B; A served as control.

The impact of multidrug resistance on the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli: an experimental study.

Based on the controversial findings of clinical studies regarding the influence of multidrug resistance on mortality, 10 susceptible and 10 multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing isolates of Escherichia coli were applied to stimulate monocytes isolated from healthy donors. Immune mediators were estimated in supernatants. Four susceptible isolates (Group A) and four MDR isolates (Group B) were used to initiate acute pyelonephritis in 48 rabbits following inoculation of the pathogen into the right renal pelvis.

Early apoptosis of blood monocytes is a determinant of survival in experimental sepsis by multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Apoptosis of blood monocytes was studied in experimental sepsis by multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thirty-six rabbits were used, divided into the following groups: A (n = 6), sham; B (n = 6), administered anaesthetics; and C (n = 24), acute pyelonephritis induced after inoculation of the test isolate in the renal pelvis. Blood was sampled at standard time intervals for estimation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and isolation of monocytes.

Clarithromycin is an effective immunomodulator in experimental pyelonephritis caused by pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Objectives: To apply clarithromycin as an immunomodulatory treatment in experimental infection caused by pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Methods: Acute pyelonephritis was induced in 80 rabbits after inoculation of the test isolate in the renal pelvis. Rabbits were divided into eight groups, with 10 animals in each group.

Clarithromycin: immunomodulatory therapy of experimental sepsis and acute pyelonephritis by Escherichia coli.

The potency of clarithromycin as immunomodulator was assessed in an experimental model of sepsis based on acute pyelonephritis by susceptible Escherichia coli. 55 rabbits were utilized; 5 for preliminary pharmacokinetic study and 50 for treatment. The latter were divided into 5 groups of treatment, A: controls; B: clarithromycin pretreatment; C: amikacin pretreatment; D: clarithromycin treatment on presentation of pulmonary oedema; and E; amikacin treatment on presentation of pulmonary oedema.

The significance of oxidant/antioxidant balance for the pathogenesis of experimental sepsis by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objective: The significance of lipid peroxidation as an independent factor leading to sepsis by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Design experimental study.

Methods: Twenty-six rabbits were applied.

n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance the activities of ceftazidime and amikacin in experimental sepsis caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Recent in vitro and ex vivo studies disclosed an enhancement of the activity of antimicrobials on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa by n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAS); therefore their effect was evaluated in experimental sepsis in 60 rabbits. Solutions of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and arachidonic acid (AA) were administered intravenously with ceftazidime and amikacin in rabbits with sepsis caused by one multidrug-resistant isolate. Therapy was started after bacterial challenge in five groups comprising 12 animals in each group: A, normal saline; B, antimicrobials; C, 99% ethanol and antimicrobials; D, GLA and antimicrobials; and E, AA and antimicrobials.

Experimental sepsis using Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the significance of multi-drug resistance.

In order to clarify whether susceptible and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa differ in the mechanism of induction of sepsis, three different isolates were used; one susceptible (isolate A) and two (isolates B and C) multidrug-resistant. Isolate B had moderately elevated MICs of antipseudomonal antimicrobials and isolate C highly elevated MICs. Each isolate was infused by a catheter inserted into the right jugular vein of six rabbits.

Early cutaneous alterations in experimental sepsis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: To evaluate whether histopathologic findings of skin in sepsis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa correlate with the clinical course.

Methods: Histological alterations after bacterial challenge by one susceptible (A) and two multidrug-resistant isolates (B and C) of P. aeruginosa were studied in 18 rabbits.

Immunomodulatory clarithromycin treatment of experimental sepsis and acute pyelonephritis caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Clarithromycin was administered intravenously to 55 rabbits to evaluate its effect on experimental sepsis caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acute pyelonephritis was induced after ligation of the right ureter and injection of 10(8) CFU of the test isolate per kg of body weight into the renal pelvis. The animals were divided into six groups: group A, controls; group B, rabbits that received one intravenous dose of 80 mg of clarithromycin per kg concomitantly with bacterial challenge; group C, rabbits that received two doses of clarithromycin, the second one of which was given 2 h after the first one; group D, rabbits that received 15 mg of amikacin per kg; group E, rabbits that received one dose of clarithromycin and amikacin; and group F, rabbits that received two doses of clarithromycin and amikacin.