Preliminary Examination of Sympathetic Magic as a Psychological Endophenotype for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Although sympathetic magic (SM) beliefs (i.e., irrational understanding of contagion transmission) are observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it is unclear if such beliefs are psychological endophenotypes.

Specificity of attentional control deficits in predicting symptoms of social anxiety.

Background: The extent to which individuals can flexibly allocate their attention towards adaptive cues in the social environment may play an important role in the maintenance of social anxiety. Attentional control (AC) describes the top-down ability to regulate one's attention and cognitive resources. Although low AC has been linked to psychopathology broadly, the specific relation between AC and social anxiety disorder (SAD) remains poorly understood.

Predictors of psychosocial impairment in a transdiagnostic sample: Unique effects of repetitive negative thinking.

Background: Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process involving perseverative, unproductive, and uncontrollable thoughts. Although RNT may impede adaptive psychosocial functioning by prolonging negative mood states, strengthening cognitive biases, and preventing effective problem-solving, the extent to which RNT is associated with risk for poor psychosocial outcomes is unclear. Given that this has clear transdiagnostic treatment implications, the present study aimed to isolate the unique relationship of RNT with social functioning and life satisfaction in a mixed clinical and non-clinical sample.

Ecological momentary assessment of the unique effects of trait worry on daily negative emotionality: does arousal matter?

Worry proneness is a transdiagnostic trait that predicts increased negative affect (NA), potentially in the service of preventing negative emotional contrasts. Although discrete types of NA vary along the dimension of arousal, the extent to which trait worry predicts high vs. low arousal forms of NA in daily life is unclear.

Disgust proneness influences the effects of political orientation on xenophobia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Although political conservatism has been associated with xenophobia, the processes that may explain this link during the COVID-19 pandemic are unclear. Xenophobia does increase during infectious disease outbreaks, suggesting an adaptation for those concerned about disease threats. Given that disgust facilitates disease avoidance, the present study examined the extent to which disgust proneness (DP) moderated the association between political conservatism and xenophobia during the pandemic.

Rationale of Basic and Cellular Mechanisms Considered in Updating the Staging System for Diabetic Retinal Disease.

Purpose: Hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for early lesions of diabetic retinal disease (DRD). Updating the DRD staging system to incorporate relevant basic and cellular mechanisms pertinent to DRD is necessary to better address early disease, disease progression, the use of therapeutic interventions, and treatment effectiveness.

Design: We sought to review preclinical and clinical evidence on basic and cellular mechanisms potentially pertinent to DRD that might eventually be relevant to update the DRD staging system.

Linking a latent variable trait-state-occasion model of emotion regulation to cognitive control.

Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a vulnerability factor for affective disorders that may originate from deficits in cognitive control (CC). Although measures of ED are often designed to assess trait-like tendencies, the extent to which such measures capture a time-varying (TV) or state-like construct versus a time-invariant (TI) or trait-like personality characteristic is unclear. The link between the TV and TI components of ED and CC is also unclear.

Unique and interactive effects of emotion regulation difficulties and perceived stress on COVID-19 traumatic stress, anxiety, and safety behavior use: A four-year prospective study.

Given that emotion regulation difficulties confer risk for poor responses to stress, they may predict who is at risk for adverse psychological reactions to major, chronic stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific adverse reactions to the pandemic may include more severe traumatic stress, anxiety, and excessive safety behavior use (i.e.

Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry Prospectively Predict COVID-19 Anxiety and Distress: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated an uptick in poor mental health outcomes, including coronavirus-related anxiety and distress. Preliminary research has shown that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and worry proneness, two transdiagnostic risk factors for anxiety and related disorders, are associated cross-sectionally with pandemic-related fear and distress. However, the extent to which IU and worry proneness prospectively predict coronavirus-related anxiety and distress is unclear.

Feasibility demonstration of a device for vitreous liquid biopsy incidental to intravitreal injection.

Purpose: VitreoDx is an experimental device enabling push-button collection of a neat vitreous liquid biopsy incidental to an intravitreal injection. We explored the ability of the device to collect a sample usable for proteomic biomarker discovery and testing.

Design: Pilot study using ex vivo human eyes.

Specific emotion regulation difficulties and executive function explain the link between worry and subsequent stress: A prospective moderated mediation study.

Background: Worry is a transdiagnostic risk factor for stress-related mental health complaints such as anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Although worry may function as a form of avoidance of unwanted emotions and accordingly interfere with adaptive emotion regulation, the specific domains of emotion regulation that are perturbed by excessive worry to confer risk for stress-related symptoms are unclear. Further, it is unknown if cognitive control mechanisms that underlie successful emotion regulation influence the effect of worry on stress.

Psychometric properties of a daily obsessive-compulsive symptom scale for ecological momentary assessment.

Despite growing interest in ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in psychopathology and clinical observation of day-to-day fluctuations in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, there is not a standardized EMA measure of such symptoms that can guide systematic research. In the absence of such a measure, prior EMA research in OCD has utilized heterogeneous approaches to sampling momentary and daily OCD symptoms, which limits the ability to compare results between studies. The present study sought to examine the psychometric properties of a daily OCD symptom (d-OCS) measure that assesses common OCD symptom themes (e.

The effect of aging on facial emotion recognition in bipolar disorder.

Objective: Convergent data point to an exaggerated negativity bias in bipolar disorder (BD), and little is known about whether people with BD experience the 'positivity effect' with increasing age.

Method: This is a cross sectional study of 202 participants with BD aged 18-65, and a sample (n = 53) of healthy controls (HCs). Participants completed the CANTAB Emotion Recognition Task (ERT).

Development of the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides background on the remaining unmet needs with antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). We also discuss the developmental story of the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab (PDS; SUSVIMO, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA).

Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab with extended dosing up to every 16 weeks in patients with diabetic macular oedema (YOSEMITE and RHINE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trials.

Background: To reduce treatment burden and optimise patient outcomes in diabetic macular oedema, we present 1-year results from two phase 3 trials of faricimab, a novel angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A bispecific antibody.

Methods: YOSEMITE and RHINE were randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority trials across 353 sites worldwide. Adults with vision loss due to centre-involving diabetic macular oedema were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to intravitreal faricimab 6·0 mg every 8 weeks, faricimab 6·0 mg per personalised treatment interval (PTI), or aflibercept 2·0 mg every 8 weeks up to week 100.

Archway Randomized Phase 3 Trial of the Port Delivery System with Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab (PDS) for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Design: Phase 3, open-label, randomized, visual acuity assessor-masked noninferiority and equivalence trial.

Participants: Patients with nAMD diagnosed within 9 months of screening previously treated with and responsive to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

Building on the success of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: a vision for the next decade.

This article aims to identify key opportunities for improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal disease, and describe recent innovations that will potentially facilitate improved outcomes with existing intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies and lay the groundwork for new treatment approaches. The review begins with a summary of the key discoveries that led to the development of anti-VEGF therapies and briefly reviews their impact on clinical practice. Opportunities for improvements in diagnosis, real-world outcomes with existing therapies, long-acting therapeutics and personalised health care are discussed, as well as the need to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention.

The Port Delivery System with Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Results from the Randomized Phase 2 Ladder Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab (PDS) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treatment.

Design: Phase 2, multicenter, randomized, active treatment-controlled clinical trial.

Participants: Patients diagnosed with nAMD within 9 months who had received 2 or more prior anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections and were responsive to treatment.

Deep Learning Predicts OCT Measures of Diabetic Macular Thickening From Color Fundus Photographs.

Purpose: To develop deep learning (DL) models for the automatic detection of optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures of diabetic macular thickening (MT) from color fundus photographs (CFPs).

Methods: Retrospective analysis on 17,997 CFPs and their associated OCT measurements from the phase 3 RIDE/RISE diabetic macular edema (DME) studies. DL with transfer-learning cascade was applied on CFPs to predict time-domain OCT (TD-OCT)-equivalent measures of MT, including central subfield thickness (CST) and central foveal thickness (CFT).

Ten years of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

The targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), a crucial regulator of both normal and pathological angiogenesis, has revealed innovative therapeutic approaches in oncology and ophthalmology. The first VEGFA inhibitor, bevacizumab, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2004 for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, and the first VEGFA inhibitors in ophthalmology, pegaptanib and ranibizumab, were approved in 2004 and 2006, respectively. To mark this tenth anniversary of anti-VEGFA therapy, we discuss the discovery of VEGFA, the successes and challenges in the development of VEGFA inhibitors and the impact of these agents on the treatment of cancers and ophthalmic diseases.

Ocular Angiogenesis: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Other Factors.

Systematic study of the mechanisms underlying pathological ocular neovascularization has yielded a wealth of knowledge about pro- and anti-angiogenic factors that modulate diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The evidence implicating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in particular has led to the development of a number of approved anti-VEGF therapies. Additional proangiogenic targets that have emerged as potential mediators of ocular neovascularization include hypoxia-inducible factor-1, angiopoietin-2, platelet-derived growth factor-B and components of the alternative complement pathway.

Spontaneous CNV in a novel mutant mouse is associated with early VEGF-A-driven angiogenesis and late-stage focal edema, neural cell loss, and dysfunction.

Purpose: Characterization of a mouse model of spontaneous choroidal neovascularization (sCNV) and its effect on retinal architecture and function.

Methods: The sCNV mouse phenotype was characterized by using fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), optical coherence tomography (OCT), ERG, immunostaining, biochemistry, and electron microscopy. A role for VEGF-A signaling in sCNV was investigated by using neutralizing antibodies and a role for macrophages explored by cell-depletion studies.

Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for diabetic macular edema: the 36-month results from two phase III trials: RISE and RIDE.

Purpose: To report 36-month outcomes of RIDE (NCT00473382) and RISE (NCT00473330), trials of ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema (DME).

Design: Phase III, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, 3-year trials, sham injection-controlled for 2 years.

Participants: Adults with DME (n=759), baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 20/40 to 20/320 Snellen equivalent, and central foveal thickness (CFT) ≥ 275 μm on optical coherence tomography.

Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: 12-month outcomes of a phase III study.

Purpose: Assess 12-month efficacy and safety of intraocular injections of 0.3 mg or 0.5 mg ranibizumab in patients with macular edema after branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).