Transparency and reproducibility in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Background: Transparency can build trust in the scientific process, but scientific findings can be undermined by poor and obscure data use and reporting practices. The purpose of this work is to report how data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study has been used to date, and to provide practical recommendations on how to improve the transparency and reproducibility of findings.

Methods: Articles published from 2017 to 2023 that used ABCD Study data were reviewed using more than 30 data extraction items to gather information on data use practices.

Transparency and Reproducibility in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

Background: Transparency can build trust in the scientific process, but scientific findings can be undermined by poor and obscure data use and reporting practices. The purpose of this work is to report how data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study has been used to date, and to provide practical recommendations on how to improve the transparency and reproducibility of findings.

Methods: Articles published from 2017 to 2023 that used ABCD Study data were reviewed using more than 30 data extraction items to gather information on data use practices.

Penile-scrotal erythrodysesthesia among rectal cancer patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiation: a case report series.

Background: Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) is a slowly developing cutaneous reaction commonly experienced by patients treated with fluoropyrimidines. While erythrodysesthesia normally presents in a palmar-plantar distribution, it can also present with genital involvement, but this presentation is likely underreported and incorrectly attributed to an acute reaction from radiation therapy. This article aims to define erythrodysesthesia of the penis and scrotum as a rare but significant side effect of capecitabine.

The development of racial wealth gaps in early adulthood.

While much research has documented stark racial gaps in total net worth, few studies have examined the development of racial gaps across different types of assets using longitudinal data. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997), we study the emergence of Black-White and Hispanic-White wealth gaps across different types of assets and debt among a recent cohort of young adults. We find that the gaps in net worth, financial assets, home equity, and debt all increase over time.

The impact of telehealth on nursing care in the radiation oncology setting during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This article aims to explore care patterns and understand the impact of telehealth on nursing care in the radiation oncology setting at a comprehensive cancer center during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Focus group interviews of radiation oncology nurses ( ​= ​18) were used to obtain data and describe current patient care patterns during the study period. Interviews were conducted over Zoom video conference, and content was analyzed.

Tutorial: design and execution of CRISPR in vivo screens.

Here we provide a detailed tutorial on CRISPR in vivo screening. Using the mouse as the model organism, we introduce a range of CRISPR tools and applications, delineate general considerations for 'transplantation-based' or 'direct in vivo' screening design, and provide details on technical execution, sequencing readouts, computational analyses and data interpretation. In vivo screens face unique pitfalls and limitations, such as delivery issues or library bottlenecking, which must be counteracted to avoid screening failure or flawed conclusions.

Four Theories of the Madden-Julian Oscillation.

Studies of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) have progressed considerably during the past decades in observations, numerical modeling, and theoretical understanding. Many theoretical attempts have been made to identify the most essential processes responsible for the existence of the MJO. Criteria are proposed to separate a hypothesis from a theory (based on the first principles with quantitative and testable assumptions, able to predict quantitatively the fundamental scales and eastward propagation of the MJO).

Changes in the MJO under greenhouse gas-induced warming in CMIP5 models.

This study investigates changes to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) in response to greenhouse-gas induced warming during the 21 century. Changes in the MJO's amplitude, phase speed, and zonal scale are examined in five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models that demonstrate superior MJO characteristics. Under warming, the CMIP5 models exhibit a robust increase in the spectral power of planetary-scale, intraseasonal, eastward-propagating (MJO) precipitation anomalies (~10.

WISHE-Moisture Mode in an Aquaplanet Simulation.

This study aims to understand the nature of the tropical intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in an aquaplanet simulation performed using Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's AM2.1 with a uniform sea surface temperature within the deep tropics. The simulated ISO resembles the observed Madden-Julian Oscillation in that the spectral peak in precipitation appears at zonal wave number 1 and a period of ~60 days.

Characterization of Moist Processes Associated With Changes in the Propagation of the MJO With Increasing CO.

The processes that lead to changes in the propagation and maintenance of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) as a response to increasing CO are examined by analyzing moist static energy budget of the MJO in a series of NASA GISS model simulations. It is found changes in MJO propagation is dominated by several key processes. Horizontal moisture advection, a key process for MJO propagation, is found to enhance predominantly due to an increase in the mean horizontal moisture gradients.

Changes in the structure and propagation of the MJO with increasing CO.

Changes in the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) with increasing CO concentrations are examined using the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Global Climate Model (GCM). Four simulations performed with fixed CO concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 times preindustrial levels using the GCM coupled with a mixed layer ocean model are analyzed in terms of the basic state, rainfall, moisture and zonal wind variability, and the structure and propagation of the MJO.

Long-term outcomes of saphenous vein graft stenting compared with native coronary artery stenting in patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Objective: Our main objective was to compare the in-hospital and long-term outcomes of saphenous vein graft stenting and native coronary artery stenting in patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods: We studied 127 patients who had prior coronary artery bypass; they were divided in two groups, according to the kind of percutaneous coronary intervention performed. The first group included 49 patients with saphenous vein graft stenting and the second group included 78 patients who underwent native coronary artery stenting.

[Effects of maternal protein-calorie malnutrition on the concentration of protein A messenger RNA in surfactant of fetal rat lungs].

Unlabelled: The pulmonary surfactant is a lipoproteic complex that serves to lower surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the pulmonary alveoli. Approximately 2 to 4% of the pulmonary surfactant is constituted by the protein A (SP-A). The objective of the study was to determine the effects that maternal protein calorie malnutrition has on the fetal pulmonary growth and the production of SP-A messenger RNA in fetal rats.

[The relationship between mosquito vectors and aquatic birds in the potential transmission of 2 arboviruses].

The authors studied for two years the role of the chicks of aquatic birds in the arboviral cycles in coastal lagoons in central Panama in order to determine the relation between Culex (Melanoconion) ocossa and Mansonia (Mansonia) dyari mosquitoes in the transmission and dissemination of the viruses of Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE) and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE). Mosquitoes were captured every fifteen days on two consecutive nights to isolate the virus, using light traps (CDC) and baited traps. The attempts to isolate the virus were made using Vero cell cultures and the determination of antibodies was performed.

Experimental studies to determine the susceptibility to infection with St. Louis encephalitis virus of five species of Panamanian mosquitoes.

The susceptibility to infection with a Panamanian isolate of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus was evaluated in Culex quinquefasciatus, Haemagogus equinus, Mansonia dyari, Sabethes cyaneus and Deinocerites pseudes. When fed on blood-virus suspensions using the hanging drop or pledget technique, the median infective dose (ID50) of SLE virus for colonized strains of Cx.

Intensive x-ray survey for tuberculosis in a rural county.

In an intensive fast-tempo tuberculosis case-finding survey in a rural county 34,345 residents (73 per cent of all persons 15 years of age or over) had miniature x-ray films of the chest taken. In 256 instances, x-ray findings were consistent with pulmonary tuberculosis. Sixty-eight persons were ultimately reported as having active tuberculosis (one case of active tuberculosis for every 505 persons covered by the survey).