Case report: Novel variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in three unrelated families from Mali.

Background And Objectives: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of neurological disorders characterized by early-onset seizures that are often resistant to treatment, by electroencephalographic abnormalities, and by developmental delay or regression. Their genetic basis remains largely unelucidated, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We investigated the genetic bases of DEE in three Malian families.

An observational analysis of the impact of indoor residual spraying in two distinct contexts of Burkina Faso.

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a cornerstone malaria control intervention in Burkina Faso. From 2018 to 2021, non-pyrethroid IRS was implemented annually in two regions of Burkina Faso with distinct malaria transmission patterns, concurrently with annual seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), and a mass insecticide-treated net (ITN) distribution in 2019.

Methods: A retrospective quasi-experimental approach was used to evaluate the impact of the 2018, 2020, and 2021 IRS campaigns on routinely reported confirmed malaria case incidence at health facilities.

Physical and insecticidal durability of Interceptor, Interceptor G2, and PermaNet 3.0 insecticide-treated nets in Burkina Faso: results of durability monitoring in three sites from 2019 to 2022.

Background: National Malaria Programmes (NMPs) monitor the durability of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to inform procurement and replacement decisions. This is crucial for new dual active ingredients (AI) ITNs, for which less data is available. Pyrethroid-only ITN (Interceptor) and dual AI (Interceptor® G2, and PermaNet 3.

Evidence supporting deployment of next generation insecticide treated nets in Burkina Faso: bioassays with either chlorfenapyr or piperonyl butoxide increase mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae.

Background: Pyrethroid resistance poses a major threat to the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in Burkina Faso and throughout sub-Saharan Africa, particularly where resistance is present at high intensity. For such areas, there are alternative ITNs available, including the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based ITNs and dual active ingredient ITNs such as Interceptor G2 (treated with chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin). Before deploying alternative ITNs on a large scale it is crucial to characterize the resistance profiles of primary malaria vector species for evidence-based decision making.

[National reference unit of neonatology: state of play].

Background: The neonatal mortality rate in Mali is one of the highest in the world. Only one national reference neonatology unit is available in the country.

Aim: To describe the time-course of morbidity, mortality, staff and accommodation facilities from 2008 to 2009 in Mali's unique national reference neonatology unit.