Conditional generative adversarial network-assisted system for radiation-free evaluation of scoliosis using a single smartphone photograph: a model development and validation study.

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common spinal disorder in children, characterized by insidious onset and rapid progression, which can lead to severe consequences if not detected in a timely manner. Currently, the diagnosis of AIS primarily relies on X-ray imaging. However, due to limitations in healthcare access and concerns over radiation exposure, this diagnostic method cannot be widely adopted.

Distinguishing risk of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with bone microarchitecture phenotyping: a 6-year longitudinal study.

Low bone mineral density and impaired bone quality have been shown to be important prognostic factors for curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). There is no evidence-based integrative interpretation method to analyze high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) data in AIS. This study aimed to (1) utilize unsupervised machine learning to cluster bone microarchitecture phenotypes on HR-pQCT parameters in girls with AIS, (2) assess the phenotypes' risk of curve progression and progression to surgical threshold at skeletal maturity (primary cohort), and (3) investigate risk of curve progression in a separate cohort of girls with mild AIS whose curve severity did not reach bracing threshold at recruitment (secondary cohort).

Clinical Outcomes of 111 Patients with Early Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis (EOIS) Receiving Brace Treatment: A Longitudinal Retrospective Cohort Study.

: Bracing is one of the first-line treatment for early-onset idiopathic scoliosis (EOIS) to control curves from progression. This study aimed to explore the determinants that govern bracing effectiveness in EOIS. : One hundred and eleven patients with EOIS (mean age of 8.

Handgrip strength assessment at baseline in addition to bone parameters could potentially predict the risk of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Introduction: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is characterized by deranged bone and muscle qualities, which are important prognostic factors for curve progression. This retrospective case-control study aims to investigate whether the baseline muscle parameters, in addition to the bone parameters, could predict curve progression in AIS.

Methods: The study included a cohort of 126 female patients diagnosed with AIS who were between the ages of 12 and 14 years old at their initial clinical visit.

Endoscopic Release of Posterior Tibial Tendon Sheath for Stenosing Tenosynovitis of Posterior Tibial Tendon.

Stenosing tenosynovitis of the posterior tibial tendon is a cause of posteromedial ankle pain. Conservative treatment is often ineffective, and surgery is usually required for alleviation of symptoms. Stenosis of the tendon sheath can be overcome by release of the tendon sheath or deepening of the retromalleolar groove.

Endoscopic Ganglionectomy and Release of the Sixth Extensor Compartment.

Stenosing tenosynovitis of the extensor carpi ulnaris is one of the causes of dorsoulnar wrist pain. Conservative treatment is usually effective to alleviate the pain. Surgical release of the retinaculum of the sixth extensor compartment is indicated if conservative treatment cannot alleviate the pain.