Perinatal interventions to prevent Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): A scoping review.

Background: Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is a public health priority, and the perinatal period is a sensitive life stage when preventive interventions could be particularly effective. Protecting and buffering pregnant persons and infants from exposure to adversity can optimize children's development and health trajectories, reduce future morbidity and mortality, and even break intergenerational cycles of adversity, but no study has synthesized experimental evidence on effectiveness of interventions to address ACEs in the perinatal period.

Objectives: To (1) identify perinatal ACE prevention interventions, tested in high quality randomized control trials, with a dyadic perspective examining outcomes for mother and child; (2) describe their (a) place on the public health prevention continuum and (b) incorporation of life course characteristics that aim to optimize life health trajectories; and (3) determine which interventions show evidence of effectiveness.

Health and Well-Being at the Transition to Adulthood Among Individuals With Disabilities: An Analysis of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.

Purpose: To describe positive mental health, or "flourishing," and self-reported health trajectories among transition-aged young adults (TAYA) with developmental/learning and physical disabilities over a 12-year period, utilizing a population-based sample.

Methods: This study features a secondary analysis of national data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition to Adulthood Supplement. The analytic sample included all TAYA with (n = 487) and without (n = 810) disabilities, including developmental/learning disabilities (DD/LD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and speech, hearing, and vision impairments who participated in 2017 Transition to Adulthood Supplement data collection (n = 1,297; M age = 24.

"MAMA's is like a second mom:" Client and Staff Experiences in a Comprehensive Social Risk Care Management Program Within a Perinatal Medical Home.

Introduction: Addressing persistent racial inequities in preterm birth requires innovative health care approaches. The Los Angeles County Maternity Assessment and Management Access Service Synergy Neighborhood program (MAMA's) is a perinatal medical home program designed to alleviate the impacts of chronic stress by addressing social determinants of health. It reduced odds of preterm birth rates in Black participants, yet it is unclear which program components most contributed to this reduction.

The effect of adverse childhood experience training, screening, and response in primary care: a systematic review.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have harmful, long-term health effects. Although primary care providers (PCPs) could help mitigate these effects, no studies have reviewed the impacts of ACE training, screening, and response in primary care.

Methods: This systematic review searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL) for peer-reviewed articles on ACE training, screening, and/or response in primary care published between Jan 1, 1998, and May 31, 2023.

Specific domains of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) associated with improved adult health: A nationally representative study.

Background: Positive childhood experiences PCEs) are supportive relationships and environments associated with improved health when aggregated into composite scores. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), a reciprocal measure to PCEs, are associated with worse health in aggregate scores when disaggregated into measures of specific ACE types (hereafter domains). Understanding the associations between specific PCE domains and health, while accounting for ACEs, may direct investigations and intervention planning to foster PCE exposure.

Innovations in social health delivery to advance equitable pediatric and adolescent life course health development: A review and roadmap forward.

Recognizing the influence of social determinants on health and development, health care has increasingly advocated for interventions that target upstream factors as part of routine pediatric care delivery. In response, clinic-based social risk screening and referral programs have proliferated wherein patients are screened for health-related social needs (HRSNs, such as food and housing insecurity) and referred to community-based organizations (CBOs) and social service providers to address those needs. In recent years, an array of digital platforms, known as Social Health Access and Referral Platforms (SHARPs), have emerged to facilitate the scale and implementation of these models amidst growing system demand.

Parents' Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences and Offspring Involvement With the Criminal Legal System.

Importance: Intergenerational cycles of adversity likely increase one's risk of criminal legal system involvement, yet associations with potential contributors, such as parents' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs), have not been explored.

Objective: To investigate the association of parents' ACEs and PCEs with their adult children's involvement in US legal systems, from arrest to conviction.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The study team analyzed data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), a nationally representative cohort study of families in the US.

Changes in Self-Reported Adult Health and Household Food Security With the 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit Monthly Payments.

Importance: The 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit (ECTC) provided families with children monthly payments from July 2021 to December 2021. The association of this policy with adult health is understudied.

Objective: To examine changes in adult self-reported health and household food security before and during ECTC monthly payments.

Positive Childhood Experiences and Adult Health Outcomes.

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can drive poor adult mental and physical health, but the impact of early life protective factors should not be overlooked. Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) measures quantify protective factors, but evidence is lacking on their link to health conditions independent of ACEs in nationally representative studies. This study examines associations between composite PCE score and adult health, adjusting for ACEs.

A Multimethod Evaluation of the Futuros Fuertes Intervention to Promote Healthy Feeding, Screen Time, and Sleep Practices.

Objective: 1) To evaluate the impact of the Futuros Fuertes intervention on infant feeding, screen time, and sleep practices and 2) To use qualitative methods to explore mechanisms of action.

Methods: Low-income Latino infant-parent dyads were recruited from birth to 1 month and randomized to Futuros Fuertes or a financial coaching control. Parents received health education sessions from a lay health educator at well-child visits in the first year of life.

Clinic-Based Financial Coaching and Missed Pediatric Preventive Care: A Randomized Trial.

Objectives: Poverty is a common root cause of poor health and disrupts medical care. Clinically embedded antipoverty programs that address financial stressors may prevent missed visits and improve show rates. This pilot study evaluated the impact of clinic-based financial coaching on adherence to recommended preventive care pediatric visits and vaccinations in the first 6 months of life.

Bills, babies, and (language) barriers: Associations among economic strain, parenting, and primary language during the newborn period.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine associations among economic strain, parenting self-efficacy, parenting satisfaction, and parent primary language in a universally low-income sample of parents with newborns.

Background: Previous research links increased economic strain to lower levels of parenting self-efficacy and parenting satisfaction among socioeconomically diverse parents with older children. Little research has examined whether primary language shapes the associations among economic strain, parenting self-efficacy, and parenting satisfaction.

United States Youth Arrest and Health Across the Life Course: A Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study.

Background: Youth are arrested at high rates in the United States; however, long-term health effects of arrest remain unmeasured. We sought to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and health of adults who were arrested at various ages among a nationally representative sample.

Methods: Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we describe sociodemographics and health status in adolescence (Wave I, ages 12-21) and adulthood (Wave V, ages 32-42) for people first arrested at age younger than 14 years, 14 to 17 years, and 18 to 24 years, compared to never arrested adults.

A Framework for Cross-Sector Partnerships to Address Childhood Adversity and Improve Life Course Health.

Childhood adversity and its structural causes drive lifelong and intergenerational inequities in health and well-being. Health care systems increasingly understand the influence of childhood adversity on health outcomes but cannot treat these deep and complex issues alone. Cross-sector partnerships, which integrate health care, food support, legal, housing, and financial services among others, are becoming increasingly recognized as effective approaches address health inequities.

A Qualitative Study of Pediatricians' Adverse Childhood Experiences Screening Workflows.

Background & Objective: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor health outcomes over the life course. Interest in ACEs screening is growing, but standard ACEs screening workflows have yet to be established. We aimed to describe common workflow processes and variation among pediatricians who have successfully implemented ACEs screening and response protocols.

Discrimination and Subsequent Mental Health, Substance Use, and Well-being in Young Adults.

Objectives: Discrimination has been shown to have profound negative effects on mental and behavioral health and may influence these outcomes early in adulthood. We aimed to examine short-term, long-term, and cumulative associations between different types of interpersonal discrimination (eg, racism, sexism, ageism, and physical appearance discrimination) and mental health, substance use, and well-being for young adults in a longitudinal nationally representative US sample.

Methods: We used data from 6 waves of the Transition to Adulthood Supplement (2007-2017, 1834 participants) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.

The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Positive Dementia Screen in American Older Adults.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to higher risk of common conditions driving mortality in adulthood, but little evidence exists on whether ACEs are associated with risk of dementia, a leading cause of death in the USA.

Objective: To estimate the relationship between US adults' reported ACE scores and a positive screen for dementia.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a longitudinal, national population-based survey of US older adults.

Anti-Poverty Medicine Through Medical-Financial Partnerships: A New Approach to Child Poverty.

Poverty threatens child health. In the United States, financial strain, which encompasses income and asset poverty, is common with many complex etiologies. Even relatively successful antipoverty programs and policies fall short of serving all families in need, endangering health.

Intergenerational Associations between Parents' and Children's Adverse Childhood Experience Scores.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are stressful childhood events associated with behavioral, mental, and physical illness. Parent experiences of adversity may indicate a child's adversity risk, but little evidence exists on intergenerational links between parents' and children's ACEs. This study examines these intergenerational ACE associations, as well as parent factors that mediate them.

Using a Life Course Health Development Framework to Redesign Medicaid.

Since the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid programs serve millions more enrollees across the life course, yet beneficiaries continue to experience high rates of preventable morbidity and mortality rooted in earlier life experiences. By incorporating evidence from life course science into Medicaid, using the Life Course Health Development (LCHD) framework, states can more effectively achieve lifelong health improvement. We describe 5 elements of an LCHD-informed strategy states can use to align Medicaid redesign initiatives toward a common goal of improving life course health outcomes: targeting prevention to sensitive periods; prioritizing intervention on social exposures; maximizing longitudinal continuity in coverage and service delivery; building technological systems with capability to measure performance and outcomes over time; and selecting financial models that support LCHD-informed care.

Interest in Clinic-Based Financial Services among Low-Income Prenatal Patients and its Association with Health-Related Social Risk Factors.

Background: Poverty and financial stress affect prenatal health and well-being as well as early childhood development. This study sought to examine interest in clinic-based financial services to address financial stress in low-income, Medicaid-enrolled prenatal patients and its relationship with self-reported social risks.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients at a large safety-net prenatal clinic.

Evolving Roles for Health Care in Supporting Healthy Child Development.

Health care reaches more children under age three in the United States than any other family-facing system and represents the most common entry point for developmental assessment of and services for children. In this article, Adam Schickedanz and Neal Halfon examine how well the child health care system promotes healthy child development early in life. They also review children's access to health care through insurance coverage, the health care system's evolution in response to scientific and technical advances, and the shifting epidemiology of health and developmental risk.

Associations Between Prenatal Food Insecurity and Prematurity, Pediatric Health Care Utilization, and Postnatal Social Needs.

Objective: Childhood food insecurity endangers child development and health outcomes. Food insecurity will grow increasingly common in the economic wake of the coronavirus pandemic and prenatal care represents an early, clinical opportunity to identify families at risk. However, longitudinal relationships between clinically-identified prenatal food insecurity and prematurity, pediatric health care utilization, and postnatal social needs have not been described.