Transcorneal aspiration for management of primary iris cysts in the standing horse.

Background: Equine primary iris cysts are usually incidental findings but, if associated with clinical signs, may require intervention. The use of laser (Nd:Yag or diode) has been reported but requires specialised equipment. Transcorneal aspiration has not been previously evaluated in the standing horse.

Use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) for treatment of fibrin in the anterior chamber of the horse.

Background: Recombinant intracameral tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) administration can aid clearance of fibrin from the anterior chamber.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective multicentre case series, the effect of intracameral rTPA administration to treat fibrin in the anterior chamber resulting from trauma or inflammatory ocular disease was evaluated. Clinical data from 30 treatments in 29 horses were obtained from medical records from 2003 to 2022.

An objective study into the effects of an incline on naturally occurring lameness in horses.

Background: The clinical examination of lame horses in real world settings often requires the use of sloped surfaces.

Objectives: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of uphill and downhill locomotion on asymmetry in horses with naturally occurring lameness affecting forelimbs and hindlimbs.

Methods: Ten horses (8-19 years) with forelimb lameness and eight horses (7-16 years) with hindlimb lameness were fitted with inertial sensors at the poll, withers, sacrum and both tuber coxae.

Assessment of agreement using the equine glandular gastric disease grading system in 84 cases.

Introduction: Equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) is a common condition causing signs of gastric pain although lesions are highly variable in their appearance. The only definitive method to diagnose EGGD ante-mortem is gastroscopy. The current recommended method for describing these lesions is the European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) guidelines; however, repeatability between users is variable.

Use of aminoglycoside antibiotics in equine clinical practice; a questionnaire-based study of current use.

Veterinary use of the aminoglycoside antibiotics is under increasing scrutiny. This questionnaire-based study aimed to document the use of aminoglycosides with a particular focus on gentamicin. An online questionnaire was delivered to generalist equine veterinary surgeons and specialists in internal medicine to determine the perceived importance, frequency of use and routes of administration of the aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic characterisation of an atrial septal defect in a horse.

Atrial septal defects have been well reported in humans and dogs and the principles of intervention have been well established. In contrast, there is very little information published about these congenital anomalies in horses. True ASDs are regarded as rare and little is known about the clinical significance of these defects in horses.

Cardiac Therapeutics in Horses.

Many cardiac therapeutics lack significant evidence of benefit in the horse, and in many cases their use is based on extrapolation of evidence from other species. In recent years there has been a push to develop a better understanding of both the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of these drugs. Recent data have described the use of antiarrhythmic agents including sotalol, flecainide, and amiodarone.

An evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Indicator of Relative Need (IoRN) instrument.

Background: The Indicator of Relative Need (IoRN) instrument is designed for both health and social care services to measure function and dependency in older people. To date, the tool has not undergone assessment of validity. We report two studies aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of the IoRN.

Temporal trends and risk factors for readmission for infections, gastrointestinal and immobility complications after an incident hospitalisation for stroke in Scotland between 1997 and 2005.

Background: Improvements in stroke management have led to increases in the numbers of stroke survivors over the last decade and there has been a corresponding increase of hospital readmissions after an initial stroke hospitalisation. The aim of this study was to examine the one year risk of having a readmission due to infective, gastrointestinal or immobility (IGI) complications and to identify temporal trends and any risk factors.

Methods: Using a cohort of first hospitalised for stroke patients who were discharged alive, time to first event (readmission for IGI complications or death) within 1 year was analysed in a competing risks framework using cumulative incidence methods.

Trends in incidence and in short term survival following a subarachnoid haemorrhage in Scotland, 1986-2005: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: To examine age and sex specific incidence and 30 day case fatality for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in Scotland over a 20 year period.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using routine hospital discharge data linked to death records.

Results: Between 1986 and 2005, 12,056 individuals experienced an incident SAH.

Estimating the impact of stroke unit care in a whole population: an epidemiological study using routine data.

Background And Purpose: Randomised trials indicate that organised inpatient (stroke unit) care has an important impact on patient outcomes with an absolute risk difference (ARD) of 3% for survival and 5% for returning home. However, it is unclear what impact this complex intervention actually has in routine practice. A comprehensive national dataset was used to study the impact of stroke unit implementation.

Temporal trends in hospitalisation for stroke recurrence following incident hospitalisation for stroke in Scotland.

Background: There are few studies that have investigated temporal trends in risk of recurrent stroke. The aim of this study was to examine temporal trends in hospitalisation for stroke recurrence following incident hospitalisation for stroke in Scotland during 1986 to 2001.

Methods: Unadjusted survival analysis of time to first event, hospitalisation for recurrent stroke or death, was undertaken using the cumulative incidence method which takes into account competing risks.

Age- and sex-specific trends in fatal incidence and hospitalized incidence of stroke in Scotland, 1986 to 2005.

Background: Temporal trends in stroke incidence are unclear. We aimed to examine age- and sex-specific temporal trends in incidence of fatal and nonfatal hospitalized stroke in Scotland from 1986 to 2005.

Methods And Results: Mean age at the time of first stroke was 70.

Discordant short- and long-term outcomes associated with diabetes in patients with heart failure: importance of age and sex: a population study of 5.1 million people in Scotland.

Background: Diabetes and heart failure frequently coexist. Our aim was to assess the association between diabetes and short- and long-term outcomes in all patients admitted to the hospital for the first time with heart failure in Scotland between 1986 and 2003.

Methods And Results: A total of 116 556 patients were studied, of whom 13% (n=15 161) had a diagnosis of diabetes.

Coronary heart disease mortality among young adults in Scotland in relation to social inequalities: time trend study.

Objective: To examine recent trends and social inequalities in age specific coronary heart disease mortality.

Design: Time trend analysis using joinpoint regression.

Setting: Scotland, 1986-2006.

Sex differences in incidence, mortality, and survival in individuals with stroke in Scotland, 1986 to 2005.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of sex across different age groups and over time for stroke incidence, 30-day case-fatality, and mortality.

Methods: All first hospitalizations for stroke in Scotland (1986 to 2005) were identified using linked morbidity and mortality data. Age-specific rate ratios (RRs) for comparing women with men for both incidence and mortality were modeled with adjustment for study year and socioeconomic deprivation.

Long-term trends in first hospitalization for heart failure and subsequent survival between 1986 and 2003: a population study of 5.1 million people.

Background: We examined whether population-level hospitalization rates for heart failure (HF) and subsequent survival have continued to improve since the turn of the century. We also examined trends in the prescribing of evidence-based pharmacological treatment for HF.

Methods And Results: All patients in Scotland hospitalized with a first episode of HF between 1986 and 2003 were followed up until death or the end of 2004.