Trends in Women Adult Reconstruction Surgeons: Fellowship Applicants and American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Members.

Background: Major research and recruitment efforts have focused on diversifying the orthopaedic surgery workforce, with a focus on gender diversity. This study aimed to characterize gender trends in the adult reconstruction fellowship match and the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) membership over the past decade. We hypothesized that there would be increases in the percentage of women adult reconstruction fellows and AAHKS members.

Postoperative Vitamin D Surveillance and Supplementation in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of 20 patients who underwent 23 revision total knee arthroplasty procedures in a single geographic region of the United States from January 2015 to February 2023. We analyzed their 25-OH vitamin D levels preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. We categorized their supplementation regimens by dose: none, low dose (1000 IU and below), medium dose (1001-5000 IU), and high dose (>5000 IU).

A Total Knee Arthroplasty Preoperative Optimization Program Managed by an Advanced Practice Provider (Physician Assistant) Decreases Complications and Cost: A Pilot Study.

Background: Studies have shown that optimizing modifiable risk factors leads to improved outcomes, with decreased lengths of stay (LOS), readmissions, complications, and hospital costs. Our goal was to demonstrate that use of an advanced practice provider, physician assistant (PA), within an orthopaedic practice would support these outcomes.

Methods: A preoperative optimization program managed by a PA was instituted at an academic medical center.

Similar 90-day outcomes among inpatient and outpatient arthroplasties : a single-surgeon matched cohort analysis.

Aims: The proportion of arthroplasties performed in the ambulatory setting has increased considerably. However, there are concerns whether same-day discharge may increase the risk of complications. The aim of this study was to compare 90-day outcomes between inpatient arthroplasties and outpatient arthroplasties performed at an ambulatory surgery centre (ASC), and determine whether there is a learning curve associated with performing athroplasties in an ASC.

Outcomes of complex primary total knee arthroplasties performed with custom cutting guides.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is particularly challenging in patients with marked deformities or existing hardware due to the inability to use traditional instrumentation. One potential technique to mitigate this obstacle is the use of patient-specific cutting guides. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of custom cutting guides in complex primary TKAs.

Impact of Controlled Storage Conditions on the Hydrolysis and Surface Morphology of Amorphous-UO.

The hydration and morphological effects of amorphous (A)-UO following storage under varying temperature and relative humidity have been investigated. This study provides valuable insight into U-oxide speciation following aging, the U-oxide quantitative morphological data set, and, overall, the characterization of nuclear material provenance. A-UO was synthesized via the washed uranyl peroxide synthetic route and aged based on a 3-factor circumscribed central composite design of experiment.

Are Sonication Cultures of Antibiotic Cement Spacers Useful During Second-stage Reimplantation Surgery for Prosthetic Joint Infection?

Background: Organisms may persist on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer surfaces, and subclinical infection is postulated to be a source of infection recurrence. Several small patient series have shown a high proportion of positive sonication cultures on PMMA spacers at the second stage of a two-stage revision. However, the association between a positive sonication culture and the risk for recurrence of infection after two-stage exchange is not fully elucidated.

Nuclear forensics investigation of morphological signatures in the thermal decomposition of uranyl peroxide.

The analytical techniques typically utilized in a nuclear forensic investigation often provide limited information regarding the process history and production conditions of interdicted nuclear material. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the surface morphology of amorphous-UO samples calcined at 250, 300, 350, 400, and 450°C from uranyl peroxide was performed to determine if the morphology was indicative of the synthesis route and thermal history for the samples. Thermogravimetic analysis-mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to correlate transitions in the calcined material to morphological transformations.

Quantifying Morphological Features of α-UO with Image Analysis for Nuclear Forensics.

Morphological changes in UO based on calcination temperature have been quantified enabling a morphological feature to serve as a signature of processing history in nuclear forensics. Five separate calcination temperatures were used to synthesize α-UO, and each sample was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The p-XRD spectra were used to evaluate the purity of the synthesized U-oxide; the morphological analysis for materials (MAMA) software was utilized to quantitatively characterize the particle shape and size as indicated by the SEM images.

Knee instability scores for ACL reconstruction.

Despite abundant biological, biomechanical, and clinical research, return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury remains a significant challenge. Residual rotatory knee laxity has been identified as one of the factors responsible for poor functional outcome. To improve and standardize the assessment of knee instability, a variety of instability scoring systems is available.

Nonpersistence of basal cell carcinoma after diagnostic shave biopsy: reconstruction when specimen is negative during surgery.

Background: Initial tissue sampling for diagnosis of suspected basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is typically performed using a shave biopsy technique or punch biopsy.

Methods: Our realization of no residual BCC findings after excision in some patients with biopsy-proven BCC diagnosed through a shave biopsy prompted us to conduct a retrospective study of all consecutive patients with 127 BCCs who were treated in our department between 2006 and 2012. All patients with incompletely excised BCCs after shave biopsy diagnosis were operated on by a single surgeon (R.

No Residual Basal Cell Carcinoma after Excision for Biopsy-proven Tumor: Clinical and Medicolegal Implications.

Our analysis of 127 head and neck region basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) showed that there was no evidence of residual BCC in 15% of patients, one of which is presented in this report. These patients received some type of reconstructive surgery after excision of lesions with negative tumor. Thus, there is a chance that any reexcision after a shave biopsy which is positive for BCC may be negative for tumor.

Image-based three-dimensional conformal brachytherapy for medically inoperable endometrial carcinoma.

Purpose: Definitive radiotherapy is a viable option for medically inoperable patients with early stage endometrial cancer. We present our experience using image-based brachytherapy (BT).

Methods And Materials: Patients with medically inoperable clinical Stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma received definitive BT with or without external beam radiotherapy.

Reconstructive outcomes analysis of lower eyelid and infraorbital skin defects using 2 hatchet flaps: a 6-year experience.

Background: For the past 6 years, we have used double hatchet flaps for reconstruction of lower lid and infraorbital skin defects.

Methods: Twenty-five patients who underwent reconstruction of lower eyelid/infraorbital skin defects using double hatchet flaps were retrospectively analyzed. Defect size ranged from 11 × 11 to 15 × 15 mm.

A relatively brief exposure to environmental enrichment after experimental traumatic brain injury confers long-term cognitive benefits.

It is well established that a relatively brief exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) enhances motor and cognitive performance after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), but it is not known whether the benefits can be sustained after EE is discontinued. To address this important rehabilitation-relevant concern, anesthetized rats received a controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury, and for phase 1 of the experiment were randomly assigned to either 3 weeks of EE or standard (STD) housing. Neurobehavioral outcome was assessed by established motor and cognitive tests on postoperative days 1-5 and 14-18, respectively.

Evaluation of a combined treatment paradigm consisting of environmental enrichment and the 5-HT1A receptor agonist buspirone after experimental traumatic brain injury.

Environmental enrichment (EE) and serotonin(1A) (5-HT(1A))-receptor agonists provide significant benefit after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that combining these therapies would produce an effect that is more robust than either therapy alone. Anesthetized adult male rats received a cortical impact or sham injury and then were randomly assigned to EE or standard (STD) housing where they received either buspirone (0.

Traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive and histological deficits are attenuated by delayed and chronic treatment with the 5-HT1A-receptor agonist buspirone.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of the serotonin(1A) (5-HT(1A)) receptor agonist buspirone (BUS) on behavioral and histological outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ninety-six isoflurane-anesthetized adult male rats were randomized to receive either a controlled cortical impact or sham injury, and then assigned to six TBI and six sham groups receiving one of five doses of BUS (0.01, 0.

Chronic cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys: impact on associative learning, cognitive control, and working memory.

Cocaine users display a wide range of cognitive impairments. Because treatment outcome is dependent on baseline cognitive ability, it is clinically important to understand the underlying neurobiology of these deficits. Therefore, it is crucial to determine whether cocaine exposure by itself is an etiological factor and, if so, to determine the overall nature of cognitive deficits associated with cocaine use.

The acute impact of ethanol on cognitive performance in rhesus macaques.

Decreased cognitive control over prepotent responses has been hypothesized to contribute to ethanol-induced behavioral disinhibition. However, the effects of ethanol on specific cognitive domains associated with decision making have not been extensively studied. We examined the impact of acute ethanol administration on cognitive performance of nonhuman primates.

Empirical comparison of typical and atypical environmental enrichment paradigms on functional and histological outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury.

Several studies have shown that housing rats in an enriched environment (EE) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) improves functional and histological outcome. The typical EE includes exploratory, sensory, and social components in cages that are often vastly larger than standard (STD) housing. It is uncertain, however, whether a single or specific component is sufficient to confer these benefits after TBI, or if all, perhaps in an additive or synergistic manner, are necessary.

Acute treatment with the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT and chronic environmental enrichment confer neurobehavioral benefit after experimental brain trauma.

Acute treatment with the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) or chronic environmental enrichment (EE) hasten behavioral recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to determine if combining these interventions would confer additional benefit. Anesthetized adult male rats received either a cortical impact or sham injury followed 15min later by a single intraperitoneal injection of 8-OH-DPAT (0.