Single Implant-Retained Mandibular Overdentures: A Literature Review.

The absence of teeth, known as edentulism, poses considerable obstacles in prosthodontic care and greatly affects a person's well-being. Conventional complete dentures frequently lead to problems like instability and insufficient retention, especially in the lower jaw. Fortunately, the introduction of dental implants has transformed the way we approach edentulous patients, as they now offer support and enhanced retention for removable prostheses, thus revolutionizing their treatment.

The prevalence and impact of gender bias and sexual discrimination in orthopaedics, and mitigating strategies.

Aims: Gender bias and sexual discrimination (GBSD) have been widely recognized across a range of fields and are now part of the wider social consciousness. Such conduct can occur in the medical workplace, with detrimental effects on recipients. The aim of this review was to identify the prevalence and impact of GBSD in orthopaedic surgery, and to investigate interventions countering such behaviours.

Timing of Readmissions After Elective Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Does a 30-Day All-Cause Rate Capture Surgically Relevant Readmissions?

Background: The 30-day all-cause readmission rate is a widely used metric of hospital performance. However, there is lack of clarity as to whether 30 days is an appropriate time frame following surgical procedures. Our aim is to determine whether a 90-day time window is superior to a 30-day time window in capturing surgically relevant readmissions after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

The prevalence and impact of gender bias and sexual discrimination in orthopaedics, and mitigating strategies.

Aims: Gender bias and sexual discrimination (GBSD) have been widely recognized across a range of fields and are now part of the wider social consciousness. Such conduct can occur in the medical workplace, with detrimental effects on recipients. The aim of this review was to identify the prevalence and impact of GBSD in orthopaedic surgery, and to investigate interventions countering such behaviours.

Surgical treatment of an ischial tuberosity avulsion fracture with delayed presentation.

Avulsion fractures of the ischial tuberosity usually occur in skeletally immature athletes following eccentric contraction of the hamstrings. When displaced fractures are left untreated, subsequent non-union and proximal hamstring fibrosis may lead to chronic pain and reduced activity. However, the indications for and outcomes of operative fixation when presentation is delayed remain unclear.

Outcomes of total hip arthroplasty in haemodialysis and renal transplant patients: systematic review.

Background: Chronic renal failure is increasing in prevalence and reported to have deleterious effects on the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Aim: To investigate the clinical and functional outcomes of THA in patients receiving haemodialysis or who have previously undergone renal transplantation.

Methods: Systematic review of the literature using bibliographic databases up to July 2018 to determine the functional outcome, complications and revision rates of THA in patients receiving haemodialysis for end-stage renal failure and those with a previous renal transplant.

Paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures.

This article gives a practical guide to the management of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in paediatric patients, from initial presentation to definitive treatment. It reviews the optimal management of this common and serious injury based on current evidence including the British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma (BOAST) 11 standard.

The Validity of All-Cause 30-Day Readmission Rate as a Hospital Performance Metric After Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Background: Risk-adjusted all-cause 30-day readmission rate (ACRR) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is currently used as a metric of hospital performance as part of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program. However, the extent to which it is determined by hospital-related factors and is therefore a fair method of determining reimbursement remains unclear.

Methods: Our aim was to systematically review the available literature pertaining to whether ACRR is a valid metric of hospital performance after elective primary THA or TKA as determined by (1) its association with other performance metrics, (2) the extent to which variation in ACRR can be explained by between-hospital variation, and (3) the relative importance of hospital-related versus surgeon- or patient-related factors in determining ACRR.

Predictors of 30-Day Readmission After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Analysis of 566,323 Procedures in the United Kingdom.

Background: All-cause 30-day readmission after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is currently used as a measure of hospital performance in the United States and elsewhere. Readmissions from surgical causes may more accurately reflect preventability and costs. However, little is known about whether predictors of each type of readmission differ.

Immobilisation in occipital condyle fractures: A systematic review.

Objectives: The objectives of this review are to determine the level of evidence for the management of OCF, compare outcomes of different immobilisation, and to review the prognosis.

Patients And Methods: A literature search was conducted using 3 databases (MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE). All papers between 1940 and July 2017 were screened using PRISMA guidelines.

Strategies to Improve Start Time in the Operating Theatre: a Systematic Review.

Operating theatres represent a significant cost burden for healthcare providers around the world. Theatre start time is widely acknowledged as an important target for efficiency savings. However, there is uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness of strategies to improve start time, and questions regarding the barriers to their implementation.

Comparison of 3 Types of Readmission Rates for Measuring Hospital and Surgeon Performance After Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: All-cause 30-day hospital readmission is in widespread use for monitoring and incentivizing hospital performance for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, little is known on the extent to which all-cause readmission is influenced by hospital or surgeon performance and whether alternative measures may be more valid.

Methods: This is an observational study using multilevel modeling on English administrative data to determine the interhospital and intersurgeon variation for 3 readmission metrics: all-cause, surgical, and return-to-theater.

Vertebral compression fractures.

This review gives a practical guide to the investigation and management of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. With an ageing population, the burden of disease and health system costs attributable to this common injury continue to rise. This article outlines the epidemiology, clinical and radiological assessment of vertebral compression fractures, and key decisions that must be made in their management.

Factors Associated With 30-Day Readmission After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Analysis of 514 455 Procedures in the UK National Health Service.

Importance: Thirty-day readmission to hospital after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has significant direct costs and is used as a marker of hospital performance. All-cause readmission is the only metric in current use, and risk factors for surgical readmission and those resulting in return to theater (RTT) are poorly understood.

Objective: To determine whether patient-related predictors of all-cause, surgical, and RTT readmission after THA differ and which predictors are most significant.

Predictors of 30-day hospital readmission after hip fracture: a systematic review.

Background: Early readmission to hospital after hip fracture is associated with increased mortality and significant costs to the healthcare system. There is growing interest in the use of 30-day readmission rates as a metric of hospital performance. Identifying patients at increased risk of readmission after hip fracture may enable pre-emptive action to mitigate this risk and the development of effective methods of risk-adjustment to allow readmission to be used as a reliable measure of hospital performance.

Does activity affect the outcome of the Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement?

Background: High levels of activity are considered to be a contraindication to unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) and are not recommended after UKR. To determine if these recommendations should apply to the mobile-bearing Oxford UKR, this study assessed the effect of post-operative activity level on the outcome of this device.

Methods: The outcome of the first 1000 Phase 3 cemented Oxford UKRs implanted between 1998 and 2010 was assessed using survival analysis, the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and the American Knee Society Objective (KSS-O) and Functional (KSS-F) Scores.

Challenges in managing paediatric osteomyelitis in the developing world: analysis of cases presenting to a tertiary referral centre in Tanzania.

Background: The literature on paediatric osteomyelitis in the developing world is scarce, and there have been calls for further characterisation of its epidemiology and the identification of factors that limit effective management in order to guide local service delivery. Our centre is a hospital serving a population of 11 million people in Tanzania.

Materials And Methods: We identified patients <18 years admitted between 1 st January 2008 and 31 st December 2010 with a diagnosis of osteomyelitis through a search of admission logbooks.

Evaluation of the first year of the Oxpal Medlink: A web-based partnership designed to address specific challenges facing medical education in the occupied Palestinian territories.

Objectives: To (1) evaluate educational needs of clinical students at Al-Quds University Medical School in the West Bank; (2) address these needs where possible using synchronous distance learning, with clinicians in Oxford providing case-based tutorials to undergraduates in the West Bank via an online platform (WizIQ) and (3) assess the impact of this education.

Design: Review of online OxPal Medlink database for tutorials held between March 2012 and April 2013. Needs assessment and evaluation of student and tutor experiences through online questionnaires, focus groups and semi-structured interviews.

Management of open fractures of the lower limb.

This article gives a practical guide for the management of open lower limb fractures. It outlines the referral criteria and pathway for definitive care in a specialist centre, the initial management steps that should be taken in the emergency department, and the principles of fixation, soft tissue coverage and antibiotic therapy.