Biomechanical differences and variability during sustained motorized treadmill running versus outdoor overground running using wearable sensors.

This study aimed to compare running biomechanics and biomechanical variability across 3 run segments and between conditions for 5-km outdoor overground and indoor treadmill running. Seventy-one recreationally-active adults (31F, 40 M; age: 37 ± 11 years; body mass index: 22.9 ± 2.

An Acute Bout of Whole-Body Vibration Does Not Improve Jumping Performance in Those With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Context: Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) often fail to return to their previous level of sport performance. Although multifaceted, this inability to regain preinjury performance may be influenced by impaired plyometric ability attributable to chronic quadriceps dysfunction. Whole-body vibration (WBV) acutely improves quadriceps function and biomechanics after ACLR, but its effects on jumping performance outcomes such as jump height, the reactive strength index (RSI), and knee work and power are unknown.

Organization of sensorimotor activity in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed individuals: an fMRI conjunction analysis.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is characterized by persistent involved limb functional deficits that persist for years despite rehabilitation. Previous research provides evidence of both peripheral and central nervous system adaptations following ACLR. However, no study has compared functional organization of the brain for involved limb motor control relative to the uninvolved limb and healthy controls.

Quadriceps torque complexity before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objectives: The purpose of this project was to longitudinally examine quadriceps torque complexity in a group of individuals who tore their ACL and underwent ACL reconstruction.

Design: Cohort analysis.

Methods: Thirty-four individuals completed maximal effort bilateral isometric strength testing after ACL injury but pre-surgery, five months' post-surgery (mid-point of rehabilitation), and when cleared to return to activity.

Combining MRI and cognitive evaluation to classify concussion in university athletes.

Current methods of concussion assessment lack the objectivity and reliability to detect neurological injury. This multi-site study uses combinations of neuroimaging (diffusion tensor imaging and resting state functional MRI) and cognitive measures to train algorithms to detect the presence of concussion in university athletes. Athletes (29 concussed, 48 controls) completed symptom reports, brief cognitive evaluation, and MRI within 72 h of injury.

Neural Correlates of Self-Reported Knee Function in Individuals After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common knee injury among athletes and physically active adults. Despite surgical reconstruction and extensive rehabilitation, reinjuries are common and disability levels are high, even years after therapy and return to activity. Prolonged knee dysfunction may result in part from unresolved neuromuscular deficits of the surrounding joint musculature in response to injury.

Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.

Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) is a common impairment in individuals who sustain an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The AMI causes decreased muscle activation, which impairs muscle strength, leading to aberrant movement biomechanics. The AMI is often resistant to traditional rehabilitation techniques, which leads to persistent neuromuscular deficits following ACL reconstruction.

Position-Specific Physical Workload Intensities in American Collegiate Football Training.

MamonJr, MA, Olthof, SBH, Burns, GT, Lepley, AS, Kozloff, KM, and Zernicke, RF. Position-specific physical workload intensities in American collegiate football training. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 420-426, 2022-Quantifying player training loads allows football coaching staff to make informed adjustments to the volume and intensity of training.

Suppressed quadriceps fascicle behavior is present in the surgical limbs of those with a history of ACL reconstruction.

The balance of published data have largely focused on adaptations in muscle and fiber size after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), failing to account for the dynamic changes in the behavior of the muscles' contractile elements that strongly contribute to force production. To better understand the sources of quadriceps dysfunction, the purpose of our research was to determine if alterations in fascicle behavior are present after ACLR. Unilateral ACLR individuals (9 m/9f; 21 ± 3 yrs; 1.

Mechanisms of Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition.

Context: Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) continues to be a limiting factor in joint rehabilitation as the inability to volitionally activate muscle significantly dampens recovery. New evidence acquired at higher brain centers and in clinical populations continues to reshape our perspective of what AMI is and how to treat it. This review aims to stimulate discussion about the far-reaching effects of AMI by exploring the interconnected pathways by which it evolves.

Total Body and Extracellular Water Measures Are Unrelated to Cramp Sensitivity in Euhydrated Cramp-Prone Individuals.

Earp, JE, Stearns, RL, Agostinucci, J, Lepley, AS, and Ward-Ritacco, CL. Total body and extracellular water measures are unrelated to cramp sensitivity in euhydrated cramp-prone individuals. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2653-2656, 2022-Spectral bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a valid and noninvasive tool for measuring total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW).

Muscle Atrophy After ACL Injury: Implications for Clinical Practice.

Context: Distinct from the muscle atrophy that develops from inactivity or disuse, atrophy that occurs after traumatic joint injury continues despite the patient being actively engaged in exercise. Recognizing the multitude of factors and cascade of events that are present and negatively influence the regulation of muscle mass after traumatic joint injury will likely enable clinicians to design more effective treatment strategies. To provide sports medicine practitioners with the best strategies to optimize muscle mass, the purpose of this clinical review is to discuss the predominant mechanisms that control muscle atrophy for disuse and posttraumatic scenarios, and to highlight how they differ.

Limb differences in hamstring muscle function and morphology after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objective: To compare inter-limb differences in hamstring strength, muscle volume, and neural activity between individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and healthy controls, and to identify associations between hamstring neuromuscular function and subjective knee function.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Laboratory.

Preseason Neck Mobility Is Associated With Throwing-Related Shoulder and Elbow Injuries, Pain, and Disability in College Baseball Pitchers.

Background: Shoulder and elbow injuries in baseball pitchers, which can lead to significant pain and disability, have been on the rise at all levels of play for 3 decades. Despite anatomic and neurophysiological relationships, neck mobility has not been explored as a contributor to shoulder and elbow injuries in baseball pitchers.

Hypothesis: Impaired neck mobility will increase the risk of shoulder and elbow injuries in college baseball pitchers.

Quadriceps Inhibition After Naturally Occurring Patellar Tendon Damage and Pain.

Context: After knee-joint injury, pain, effusion, and mechanoreceptor damage alter afferent signaling, which can result in quadriceps inhibition and subsequent weakness. The individual contributions of each factor to inhibition remain unclear due to confounding knee-joint injuries and indirect experimental models.

Objective: To characterize the influence of naturally occurring knee damage and pain on quadriceps neuromuscular function in individuals with patellar tendinopathy.

Examining the Relationship Between Neuroplasticity and Learned Helplessness After ACLR: Early Versus Late Recovery.

Context: Altered neural signaling is known to have a direct impact on psychological wellness. Therefore, disruptions in neural signaling after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may influence psychological dysfunction, in some cases manifesting as learned helplessness. Helplessness is a psychological paradigm that presents as altered neuromuscular control, reduced motivation, and psychological deficits.

Corticospinal tract structure and excitability in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A DTI and TMS study.

Background: Underlying neural factors contribute to poor outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Neurophysiological adaptations have been identified in corticospinal tract excitability, however limited evidence exists on neurostructural changes that may influence motor recovery in ACLR patients.

Objective: To 1) quantify hemispheric differences in structural properties of the corticospinal tract in patients with a history of ACLR, and 2) assess the relationship between excitability and corticospinal tract structure.

Protracted alterations in muscle activation strategies and knee mechanics in patients after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Purpose: Altered quadriceps muscle activity can contribute to reduced ability of the muscle to quickly generate force and appropriately attenuate landing forces, exacerbating poor landing and movement strategies commonly seen after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose was to evaluate if electromyographic (EMG) activity and knee biomechanics during a single-limb forward hop task are influenced by a history of ACLR.

Methods: Twenty-six individuals with a history of unilateral ACLR (age 20.

Alterations in physical and neurocognitive wellness across recovery after ACLR: A preliminary look into learned helplessness.

Objectives: Neural alterations after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may initiate a maladaptive neurocognitive response (learned helplessness [LH]). Understanding the interrelationships between neural inhibition, quadriceps function and psychological responses can provide clinicians areas to target during recovery. The purpose was to longitudinally evaluate neural excitability, strength and self-reported LH after ACL injury and to explore the relationship between these measures and knee mechanics and patient reported function.