Long-term impact of basin-wide wastewater management on faecal pollution levels along the entire Danube River.

The Danube River is, at 2857 km, the second longest river in Europe and the most international river in the world with 19 countries in its catchment. Along the entire river, faecal pollution levels are mainly influenced by point-source emissions from treated and untreated sewage of municipal origin under base-flow conditions. In the past 2 decades, large investments in wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure were made in the European Union (EU) Member States located in the Danube River Basin (DRB).

Reappraisal of the Genus () Worldwide Based on Multi-Gene Phylogeny, Morphology and Biogeography, and Insights on .

The boletoid genera and have recently been suggested by some researchers to constitute a single genus, and was merged into as a later synonym. However, no convincing arguments have yet provided significant evidence for this congeneric placement. In this study, we analyze material from species and closely related taxa to assess taxonomic and phylogenetic boundaries between these genera and to clarify species delimitation within .

New objective method in reporting the breast cosmesis after breast-conservative treatment based on nonstandardized photographs: The Objective Breast Cosmesis Scale.

Purpose: Subjective scoring is the most widely used approach in reporting the cosmetic outcome after breast-conservative therapy. This work introduces an objective system to document the breast cosmetic changes using nonstandardized photographs without scale calibration.

Methods And Materials: Two hundred twenty-eight photographs of 114 breast cancer patients were analyzed.

Identification of phosphorus emission hotspots in agricultural catchments.

An enhanced transport-based management approach is presented, which is able to support cost-effective water quality management with respect to diffuse phosphorus pollution. Suspended solids and particulate phosphorus emissions and their transport were modeled in two hilly agricultural watersheds (Wulka River in Austria and Zala River in Hungary) with an improved version of the catchment-scale PhosFate model. Source and transmission areas were ranked by an optimization method in order to provide a priority list of the areas of economically efficient (optimal) management alternatives.

Balancing between retention and flushing in river networks--optimizing nutrient management to improve trophic state.

River basin management can frequently involve decisive situations, when conflicting interests must be resolved. In the Zala River catchment (Western Hungary) local efforts to improve water quality by reducing algal biomass are not always harmonized with the requirement of sustaining the same objective in its recipient, Lake Balaton. The PhosFate catchment model is a GIS tool designed to estimate the spatial variability and fate of diffuse phosphorus emission during transport.

[Skeletal anchorage: use of miniscrews for impacted maxillary canine management].

Impaction of maxillary canines is a frequently encountered clinical problem. Patients' refusal to a long orthodontic treatment or ankylosis of the impacted tooth results in various treatment difficulties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of miniscrews in the management of impacted upper canines.

Do we need three-dimensional computed tomography in maxillofacial surgery?

In a retrospective clinical study (2000-2003), 121 patients' radiographs and computed tomography scans were reviewed to establish the clinical value of three-dimensional computed tomography. Eighty patients had computed tomography scans; 48 had three-dimensional computed tomography scans for diagnosing facial fractures, 3 for diagnosing temporomandibular joint ankylosis, 1 for tumor with bone destruction, and 1 for a mandibular cyst. It is concluded that axial, coronal, and three-dimensional computed tomography is of crucial importance and should be mandatory for all suspected comminuted and displaced midface fractures instead of plain radiographs.

Blow-out fracture of the orbital floor in early childhood.

Because of the anatomy of the developing bones in early childhood, blow-out fractures are rare before the age of 8 years. We present two cases where after a fall, computed tomography examinations revealed a blow-out fracture of the left orbital floor in a 12-month-old child and 27-month-old child. Because no associated symptoms were noted, both cases were managed conservatively.

Etiology and patterns of facial fractures in the United Arab Emirates.

A retrospective study on facial fractures was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Tawam Hospital (Al Ain, United Arab Emirates) between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2001. The study included 144 patients with a mean age of 26.5 years; the most frequently injured patients belonged to the 16- to 20-year-old age group.