Polygenic Prediction of Recurrent Events After Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a complex disease caused by both lifestyle and genetic factors. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of genetic risk, in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, for recurrent events following early-onset MI.

Methods: The Italian Genetic Study of Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction is a cohort study enrolling patients with MI before 45 years.

Obicetrapib exhibits favorable physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties compared to previous cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors: An integrated summary of results from non-human primate studies and clinical trials.

Anacetrapib, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor previously under development, exhibited an usually extended terminal half-life and large food effect and accumulated in adipose tissue. Other CETP inhibitors have not shown such effects. Obicetrapib, a potent selective CETP inhibitor, is undergoing Phase III clinical development.

Machine-Learning for Phenotyping and Prognostication of Myocardial Infarction and Injury in Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: Clinical work-up for suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is resource intensive.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a machine learning model for digitally phenotyping myocardial injury and infarction and predict 30-day events in suspected ACS patients.

Methods: Training and testing data sets, predominantly derived from electronic health records, included suspected ACS patients presenting to 6 and 26 South Australian hospitals, respectively.

Oral agents for lowering lipoprotein(a).

Purpose Of Review: To review the development of oral agents to lower Lp(a) levels as an approach to reducing cardiovascular risk, with a focus on recent advances in the field.

Recent Findings: Extensive evidence implicates Lp(a) in the causal pathway of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic stenosis. There are currently no therapies approved for lowering of Lp(a).

Evaluating obicetrapib as an emerging treatment for patients with dyslipidemia: a game changer?

Introduction: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Early interest in the development of CETP inhibitors proved to be disappointing. Recent interest has focused on the potential for CETP inhibition to reduce cardiovascular risk by lowering levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).

Cardiology patients are unaware of the benefits of seasonal influenza immunization.

Unlabelled: Seasonal influenza immunization reduces the risk of cardiovascular events. Patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) derive a greater benefit than those without, yet up to 50 % do not take up the immunization. Patient perceptions and beliefs are known to inform immunization behaviors, yet the immunization related beliefs of patients with CVD have not been described.

Effectiveness of receiving cardiovascular disease genetic risk information on health behaviors, psychological responses, and associated risk factor modification in individuals: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: This review aims to assess the effectiveness of receiving cardiovascular disease (CVD) genetic risk information on individual health behaviors, psychological responses, and risk factor modification.

Introduction: Advancements in genomics have identified strong genetic predispositions for CVD, leading to the development of CVD genetic risk information. Integrating genetic risk information into clinical practice shows promise in predicting CVD risk and facilitating multifactorial management.

Incretin-based therapies for the management of cardiometabolic disease in the clinic: Past, present, and future.

Among newer classes of drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are incretin-based agents that lower both blood sugar levels and promote weight loss. They do so by activating pancreatic GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) to promote glucose-dependent insulin release and inhibit glucagon secretion. They also act on receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract to suppress appetite, slow gastric emptying, and delay glucose absorption.

The cost-effectiveness of semaglutide in reducing cardiovascular risk among people with overweight and obesity and existing cardiovascular disease, but without diabetes.

Background And Aims: The Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Overweight or Obesity (SELECT) trial demonstrated significant reductions in cardiovascular outcomes in people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and overweight or obesity (but without diabetes). However, the cost of the medication has raised concerns about its financial viability and accessibility within healthcare systems. This study explored whether use of semaglutide for the secondary prevention of CVD in overweight or obesity is cost-effective from the Australian healthcare perspective.

Patterns of 12-Month Post-Myocardial Infarction Medication Use According to Revascularisation Strategy: Analysis of 15,339 Admissions in Victoria, Australia.

Aim: Clinical guidelines recommend secondary prevention medications following myocardial infarction (MI) regardless of revascularisation strategy. Studies suggest that there is variation in post-MI medication use following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG). We investigated initial dispensing and 12-month patterns of medication use according to revascularisation strategy following non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI).

Effects of an Intervention to Improve Evidence-Based Care for People With Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Across Sex, Race, and Ethnicity Subgroups: Insights From the COORDINATE-Diabetes Trial.

Background: Results from the COORDINATE-Diabetes trial (Coordinating Cardiology Clinics Randomized Trial of Interventions to Improve Outcomes - Diabetes) demonstrated that a multifaceted, clinic-based intervention increased prescription of evidence-based medical therapies to participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This secondary analysis assessed whether intervention success was consistent across sex, race, and ethnicity.

Methods: COORDINATE-Diabetes, a cluster randomized trial, recruited participants from 43 US cardiology clinics (20 randomized to intervention and 23 randomized to usual care).

Variation of computed tomography-derived extracellular volume fraction and the impact of protocol parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiac computed tomography quantification of extracellular volume fraction (CT-ECV) is an emerging biomarker of myocardial fibrosis which has demonstrated high reproducibility, diagnostic and prognostic utility. However, there has been wide variation in the CT-ECV protocol in the literature and useful disease cut-offs are yet to be established. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to describe mean CT-ECV estimates and to estimate the effect of CT-ECV protocol parameters on between-study variation.

Cardiovascular Risk in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Challenges and Future Directions.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of non-cancer related mortality and morbidity among people living with or cured from cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are systemic anti-cancer therapies that have revolutionised the treatment of numerous cancers, even achieving durable long-term responses among patients with metastatic disease. However, the pro-inflammatory effects of ICIs have been postulated to increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in cancer survivorship.

New targets and mechanisms of action for lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory therapies in atherosclerosis: where does the field stand?

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite widespread use of statins. There is a need to develop additional therapeutic strategies that will complement statins to achieve more effective reductions in cardiovascular risk.

Areas Covered: This review provides a comprehensive summary of current areas of therapeutic development targeting both lipid and inflammatory factors implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Tandem lesions associate with angiographic progression of coronary artery stenoses.

Background: Although the clinical factors associated with progression of coronary artery disease have been well studied, the angiographic predictors are less defined.

Objectives: Our objective was to study the clinical and angiographic factors that associate with progression of coronary artery stenoses.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing multiple, clinically indicated invasive coronary angiograms with an interval greater than 6 months, between January 2013 and December 2016.

Healthcare and economic cost burden of emergency medical services treated non-traumatic shock using a population-based cohort in Victoria, Australia.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the healthcare costs and impact on the economy at large arising from emergency medical services (EMS) treated non-traumatic shock.

Design: We conducted a population-based cohort study, where EMS-treated patients were individually linked to hospital-wide and state-wide administrative datasets. Direct healthcare costs (Australian dollars, AUD) were estimated for each element of care using a casemix funding method.