The Discovery of Citral-Like Thiophenes in Fried Chicken.

The isomers of 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, more commonly known together as citral, are two of the most notable natural compounds in the flavor and fragrance industry. However, both isomers are inherently unstable, limiting their potential use in various applications. To identify molecules in nature that can impart the fresh lemon character of citral while demonstrating stability under acidic and thermal conditions has been a major challenge and goal for the flavor and fragrance industry.

Identification, synthesis, and characterization of novel sulfur-containing volatile compounds from the in-depth analysis of Lisbon lemon peels (Citrus limon L. Burm. f. cv. Lisbon).

Lemons (Citrus limon) are a desirable citrus fruit grown and used globally in a wide range of applications. The main constituents of this sour-tasting fruit have been well quantitated and characterized. However, additional research is still necessary to better understand the trace volatile compounds that may contribute to the overall aroma of the fruit.

Alpha-Galactosyl trisaccharide epitope: Modification of the 6-primary positions and recognition by human anti-alphaGal antibody.

Galactose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.

The synthesis of deoxy-alpha-Gal epitope derivatives for the evaluation of an anti-alpha-Gal antibody binding.

Alpha-Gal epitopes (also termed as alpha-Gal) are carbohydrate structures bearing the alpha-D-Gal-(1-->3)-beta-D-Gal terminus 1 and are known to be the antigen responsible for antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation. Terminal 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-deoxy-Gal derivatives of alpha-Gal were synthesized. Inhibition ELISA using mouse laminin was established to determine the binding affinity of the synthesized alpha-Gal derivatives.

Novel substrates for nitric oxide synthases.

Enzymatic generation of nitric oxide (NO) by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) consists of two oxidation steps. The first step converts L-arginine to N(G)-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA), a key intermediate, and the second step converts NOHA to NO and L-citrulline. To fully probe the substrate specificity of the second enzymatic step, an extensive structural screening was carried out using a series of N-alkyl (and N-aryl) substituted-N'-hydroxyguanidines (1-14).