Corrigendum: Osteoblast-Derived Vesicle Protein Content Is Temporally Regulated During Osteogenesis: Implications for Regenerative Therapies.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.

Osteoblast-Derived Vesicle Protein Content Is Temporally Regulated During Osteogenesis: Implications for Regenerative Therapies.

Osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) are a collection of secreted (sEVs) and matrix-bound nanoparticles that function as foci for mineral nucleation and accumulation. Due to the fact sEVs can be isolated directly from the culture medium of mineralizing osteoblasts, there is growing interest their application regenerative medicine. However, at present therapeutic advancements are hindered by a lack of understanding of their precise temporal contribution to matrix mineralization.

Oxidative Stress in COPD: Sources, Markers, and Potential Mechanisms.

Markers of oxidative stress are increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are able to alter biological molecules, signaling pathways and antioxidant molecule function, many of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. However, the involvement of ROS in the development and progression of COPD is not proven. Here, we discuss the sources of ROS, and the defences that have evolved to protect against their harmful effects.