Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Among Rural Adolescent Schoolgirls: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) define abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) as "bleeding from the uterus that is abnormal in regularity, volume, frequency, or duration and occurs in the absence of pregnancy". The impact of AUB on the physical and psychosocial well-being of adolescent girls can be significant. In this study, we aim to investigate the menstrual cycle characteristics in adolescent Sudanese schoolgirls and the prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and its associated factors.

Association of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes Mellitus among Saudi pediatric patients; a hospital-based retrospective study.

Background: The association between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and glycemic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between 25(OH)D levels and glycemic control in Saudi pediatric patients' with T1DM in a region that is sunny year-round.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Pediatric Department of King Saud Hospital in Unaizah, Saudi Arabia.

The accuracy of anthropometric indices in detecting hypertension in Sudanese adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Hypertension is an increasing health problem; hence, efforts have been made to promote the disease's early detection and modify prognoses. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-height ratio (WHtR) in detecting hypertension among adults in Northern Sudan.

Methods: Adults were recruited for a multi-stage sampling survey in Northern Sudan.

Familiarity of an environment prevents song suppression in isolated zebra finches.

Despite the wide use of zebra finches as an animal model to study vocal learning and production, little is known about impacts on their welfare caused by routine experimental manipulations such as changing their social context. Here we conduct a post-hoc analysis of singing rate, an indicator of positive welfare, to gain insights into stress caused by social isolation, a common experimental manipulation. We find that isolation in an unfamiliar environment reduces singing rate for several days, indicating the presence of an acute stressor.

Low and High Birth Weight in a Hospital Population in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: An Analysis of Clinical Cutoff Values.

Background: Establishing cutoff values for low birth weight (LBW) and high birth weight (HBW) is crucial for clinical practice. This study aimed to determine these values in Saudi Arabia.

Method: A retrospective study in 2022 analyzed the birth weights of 1605 neonates.

C-reactive protein diagnostic value for bacterial infections in the paediatric emergency department setting.

Aim: C-reactive protein (CRP) is commonly used to assess the probability of bacterial infection and the need for empiric antibiotic treatment. We assessed the relationship between CRP levels and bacterial infection in the paediatric emergency room (PER) setting.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study.

Length of stay and its associated factors in the neonatal intensive care unit of Gadarif Hospital, Eastern Sudan: a retrospective study.

Background: Attention is increasingly paid to length of stay (LOS) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across countries. Few published data on neonatal LOS exist in Africa, where there is a high burden of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study investigated the factors associated with neonatal LOS in the NICU of Gadarif Hospital, Eastern Sudan.

Prevalence and associated factors of anaemia and iron-deficiency anaemia among adolescent Sudanese schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study.

Anaemia among adolescents is a worldwide health problem; however, data on anaemia among adolescents in Sudan are scarce. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of anaemia and iron-deficiency anaemia among adolescent schoolchildren in northern Sudan. Socio-demographic information was collected using a questionnaire.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Hemoglobin Levels and Red Blood Cell Parameters for Iron Deficiency in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

. To assess the performance of hemoglobin level and red blood cell parameters (mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH], mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC], and red blood cell distribution width [RDW]) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency among adolescents in eastern Sudan. A cross-sectional study.

Decomposing the Poor-Non-Poor Gap in the Prevalence of Undiagnosed and Untreated Hypertension Among Bangladeshi Population.

Objectives: Our objectives were to ascertain: the prevalence and socio-economic distribution of hypertension, as well as the rates of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension; the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the occurrence of hypertension, as well as the rates of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension; and the factors influencing the poor-non-poor gap in terms of the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertension.

Design: Cross-sectional nationally representative study.

Methods: Data from the 2017-18 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey were used.

Cushing Disease in a Patient with Double Pituitary Adenomas Complicated with Diabetes Insipidus: A Case Report.

Managing a patient with both pituitary hypersecretory and hyposecretory manifestations may be perplexing. We report a 14-year-old female who presented with weight gain, polyuria and polydipsia. Biochemical results were consistent with Cushing disease with central diabetes insipidus.

Data-Driven Insights into the Association Between Oxidative Stress and Calcium-Regulating Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease.

A growing body of biomedical literature suggests a bidirectional regulatory relationship between cardiac calcium (Ca)-regulating proteins and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is integral to the pathogenesis of various cardiac disorders via oxidative stress (OS) signaling. To address the challenge of finding hidden connections within the growing volume of biomedical research, we developed a data science pipeline for efficient data extraction, transformation, and loading. Employing the CaseOLAP (Context-Aware Semantic Analytic Processing) algorithm, our pipeline quantifies interactions between 128 human cardiomyocyte Ca-regulating proteins and eight cardiovascular disease (CVD) categories.

Prediction of Hypertension Based on Anthropometric Parameters in Adolescents in Eastern Sudan: A Community-Based Study.

Background: Anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension in adolescents. We aimed to assess these anthropometric measures (BMI, WC, and WHtR) and examine their association with hypertension in adolescents.

Methods: Adolescents' BMI, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), WC, body roundness index (BRI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), WHtR, and a body shape index(ABSI) values were measured and calculated.

Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation as a Treatment for Liver Cirrhosis in Animal Models.

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, and liver disease is in the top five in many developing countries. The treatment of liver cirrhosis at various stages necessitates the development of new organ transplantation techniques. One of these options is cell therapy, which has lately been used to treat a wide range of illnesses.

Identification of complex Plasmodium falciparum genetic backgrounds circulating in Africa: a multicountry genomic epidemiology analysis.

Background: The population structure of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum can reveal underlying adaptive evolutionary processes. Selective pressures to maintain complex genetic backgrounds can encourage inbreeding, producing distinct parasite clusters identifiable by population structure analyses.

Methods: We analysed population structure in 3783 P falciparum genomes from 21 countries across Africa, provided by the MalariaGEN Pf7 dataset.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for a Recurrent Colon Cancer: A Life-Threatening Complication.

(1) Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or stress cardiomyopathy, is an acute heart failure condition with transient left ventricular (LV) motion abnormalities but no significant coronary artery obstruction. It mimics acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with symptoms like chest pain, dyspnea, and ECG changes. (2) Case Report: We present the case of a 44-year-old female with relapsed colon cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Modeling heterogeneity of Sudanese hospital stay in neonatal and maternal unit: non-parametric random effect models with Gamma distribution.

Objective: Studies looking into patient and institutional variables linked to extended hospital stays have arisen as a result of the increased focus on severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Understanding the length of hospitalization of patients after delivery is important to gain insights into when hospitals will reach capacity and to predict corresponding staffing or equipment requirements. In Sudan, the distribution of the length of stay during delivery hospitalizations is heavily skewed, with the average length of stay of 2 to 3 days.

The association between parity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional, community-based study.

Background: Limited published data exist on the association between parity (number of deliveries) and diabetes mellitus (DM). This study was conducted to evaluate the association between parity and type 2 DM (T2DM) among Sudanese women.

Method: A multistage sampling survey was conducted in four villages in the River Nile State, Sudan, between July and September 2022.

Building an Ethical and Trustworthy Biomedical AI Ecosystem for the Translational and Clinical Integration of Foundation Models.

Foundation Models (FMs) are gaining increasing attention in the biomedical artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem due to their ability to represent and contextualize multimodal biomedical data. These capabilities make FMs a valuable tool for a variety of tasks, including biomedical reasoning, hypothesis generation, and interpreting complex imaging data. In this review paper, we address the unique challenges associated with establishing an ethical and trustworthy biomedical AI ecosystem, with a particular focus on the development of FMs and their downstream applications.

Thyroid functions and insulin resistance in pregnant Sudanese women.

Background: The thyroid function test (free triiodothyronine [FT3], free thyroxine [FT4], and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) is one of the key determinant of glucose homeostasis by regulating the balance of insulin. Thyroid dysfunction alters glucose metabolism, leading to insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to assess the association between thyroid function and IR in pregnant Sudanese women.

High rate of inadequate antenatal contacts among mothers in eastern Sudan: a cross-sectional study.

This study assesses the prevalence and determinants of inadequate (less than eight contacts) and late antenatal care (ANC) initiation (starting after 12 weeks) among mothers delivered at Gadarif Maternity Hospital in eastern Sudan. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Gadarif Maternity Hospital. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric data through face-to-face interviews.