Evolutionary theory can advance and revitalise the biopsychosocial model.

The biopsychosocial model remains a key paradigm for healthcare, despite widely recognised scientific and philosophical shortcomings. Here we report on recent updates integrating evolutionary theory with the biopsychosocial model to provide a more comprehensive and scientifically complete approach to understanding the multiple relevant levels of causation of medical and psychiatric problems.

The impact of the Woven EndoBridge device on the treatment of anterior circulation wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms: a single-center experience.

Objective: The paucity of literature comparing Woven EndoBridge (WEB) embolization to microsurgical clipping for anterior circulation wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms (WNBAs) underscores the need for further investigation into the optimal management of this patient subpopulation. The objective of this study was to compare the rate of endovascular and microsurgical treatment of WNBAs before and after the introduction of the WEB device. In addition, the authors performed a comparison of demographics, aneurysm characteristics, and treatment outcomes in patients before and after the introduction of the WEB device.

Comparison between endovascular and surgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: a single-center cohort and systematic review.

Objective: With recent advancements in minimally invasive techniques, endovascular embolization has gained popularity as a first-line treatment option for spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (sDAVFs). The authors present their institution's case series of sDAVFs treated endovascularly and surgically, and they performed a systemic review to assess the outcomes of both modalities of treatment.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective observational study of 24 consecutive patients with sDAVFs treated between 2013 and 2023.

The effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs.

Background: Hormone assessment is typically recommended for awake, unsedated dogs. However, one of the most commonly asked questions from veterinary practitioners to the endocrinology laboratory is how sedation impacts cortisol concentrations and the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. Butorphanol, dexmedetomidine, and trazodone are common sedatives for dogs, but their impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is unknown.

Evolutionary perspectives on substance and behavioural addictions: Distinct and shared pathways to understanding, prediction and prevention.

Addiction poses significant social, health, and criminal issues. Its moderate heritability and early-life impact, affecting reproductive success, poses an evolutionary paradox: why are humans predisposed to addictive behaviours? This paper reviews biological and psychological mechanisms of substance and behavioural addictions, exploring evolutionary explanations for the origin and function of relevant systems. Ancestrally, addiction-related systems promoted fitness through reward-seeking, and possibly self-medication.

Changing perspectives on autism: Overlapping contributions of evolutionary psychiatry and the neurodiversity movement.

Perspectives on autism and psychiatric conditions are affected by a mix of scientific and social influences. Evolutionary psychiatry (EP) and the neurodiversity movement are emerging paradigms that reflect these distinct influences, with the former grounded in scientific theory and the latter driven by political and social principles. Despite their separate foundations, there is a significant overlap between EP and neurodiversity that has not been explored.

Causes and Predictors of 30-Day Readmission in Patients With Stroke Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Large Single-Center Experience.

Background And Objectives: The 30-day readmission rate has emerged as a metric of quality care and is associated with increased health care expenditure. We aim to identify the rate and causes of 30-day readmission after mechanical thrombectomy and provide the risk factors of readmission to highlight high-risk patients who may require closer care.

Methods: This is a retrospective study from a prospectively maintained database of 703 patients presenting for mechanical thrombectomy between 2017 and 2023.

Transradial versus transfemoral access routes for diagnostic cerebral angiography: a large single-center comparative cost-analysis study.

Objective: Recently, the transradial (TR) approach has become a common alternative because of its safety profile and increased patient satisfaction compared with the transfemoral (TF) route. Both routes are associated with their respective associated costs, and differences typically emerge on the basis of patient anatomy, operator expertise, and occurrence of complications. The authors' objective was to compare the overall costs of diagnostic cerebral angiography via both routes and to shed light on the individual equipment costs of each route.

The Rate and Predictors of 30-Day Readmission in Patients Treated for Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms: A Large Single-Center Study.

Background And Objectives: Numerous studies of various populations and diseases have shown that unplanned 30-day readmission rates are positively correlated with increased morbidity and all-cause mortality. In this study, we aim to provide the rate and predictors of 30-day readmission in patients undergoing treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 525 patients presenting for aneurysm treatment between 2017 and 2022.

Predictors of Transfemoral Access Site Complications in Neuroendovascular Procedures: A large Single-Center Cohort Study.

Objective: The transfemoral (TF) route has historically been the preferred access site for endovascular procedures. However, despite its widespread use, TF procedures may confer morbidity as a result of access site complications. The aim of this study is to provide the rate and predictors of TF access site complications for neuroendovascular procedures.

Intra- and interindividual reliability of muscle pain induced by an intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline injection into the quadriceps.

Background: Intramuscular injections of hypertonic saline are commonly used to induce experimental muscle pain, but reliability data on this technique are lacking. This study investigated the intra- and interindividual reliability of pain measures from a hypertonic saline injection into the vastus lateralis.

Methods: Fourteen healthy participants (6 female) attended three laboratory visits where they received an intramuscular injection of 1 mL hypertonic saline into the vastus lateralis.

Safety of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients on Antiplatelet/Anticoagulation.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is performed in patients who are already on anticoagulation (AC)/antiplatelet therapy (AP). However, data are insufficient regarding MT's safety and efficacy profiles in these patients.

Objective: Investigate the outcome of stroke patients already on anticoagulation/antiplatelet receiving MT.

Evobiopsychosocial medicine.

The biopsychosocial model remains the de facto framework of current healthcare, but lacks causational depth, scientific rigour, or any recognition of the importance of evolutionary theory for understanding health and disease. In this article it is updated to integrate Tinbergen's four questions with the three biopsychosocial levels. This 'evobiopsychosocial' schema provides a more complete framework for understanding causation of medical conditions.

A Comparison of Outcomes Between Transfemoral Versus Transradial Access for Carotid Stenting.

Background: The transradial (TR) approach has emerged as an alternative to the transfemoral (TF) approach in carotid artery stenting (CAS) because of its perceived benefits in access site complications and overall patient experience.

Objective: To assess outcomes of TF vs TR approach for CAS.

Methods: This is a retrospective single-center review of patients receiving CAS through the TR or TF route between 2017 and 2022.

The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccines on Stroke Outcomes: A Single-Center Study.

Background: One of the defining narratives of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the acceptance and distribution of vaccine. To compare the outcomes of COVID-19 positive vaccinated and unvaccinated stroke patients.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study of COVID-19-vaccinated and unvaccinated stroke patients between April 2020 and March 2022.

Comparison of Flow-Redirection Endoluminal Device and Pipeline Embolization Device in the Treatment of Intracerebral Aneurysms.

Background: The use of flow diverters for treating intracranial aneurysms has been widely used in the past decade; however, data comparing pipeline embolization device (PED; Medtronic Inc) and flow-redirection endoluminal device (FRED; MicroVention) in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms remain scarce.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of PED and FRED in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective review of aneurysms treated with PED and FRED devices.

Natural and hybrid immunity following four COVID-19 waves: A prospective cohort study of mothers in South Africa.

Background: More than half the global population has been exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Naturally induced immunity influences the outcome of subsequent exposure to variants and vaccine responses. We measured anti-spike IgG responses to explore the basis for this enhanced immunity.

High Neutralizing Antibody Levels Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 After UB-612 Vaccine Booster.

The highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has caused high rates of breakthrough infections in those previously vaccinated with ancestral strain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that a booster dose of UB-612 vaccine candidate delivered 7-9 months after primary vaccination increased neutralizing antibody levels by 131-, 61-, and 49-fold against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the Omicron BA.1 and BA.

Specialised minds: extending adaptive explanations of personality to the evolution of psychopathology.

Traditional evolutionary theory invoked natural and sexual selection to explain species- and sex-typical traits. However, some heritable inter-individual variability in behaviour and psychology - personality - is probably adaptive. Here we extend this insight to common psychopathological traits.

Transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a strictly-Orthodox Jewish community in the UK.

Some social settings such as households and workplaces, have been identified as high risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Identifying and quantifying the importance of these settings is critical for designing interventions. A tightly-knit religious community in the UK experienced a very large COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, reaching 64.

Towards a population-based threshold of protection for COVID-19 vaccines.

Correlates of protection for COVID-19 vaccines are urgently needed to license additional vaccines. We measured immune responses to four COVID-19 vaccines of proven efficacy using a single serological platform. IgG anti-Spike antibodies were highly correlated with ID50 neutralization in a validated pseudoviral assay and correlated significantly with efficacies for protection against infection with wild-type, alpha and delta variant SARS-CoV-2 virus.

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