Virtual surgical planning and use of a 3D-printed, patient-specific reduction system for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of diaphyseal tibial fractures in dogs: A historic case control study.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and clinical outcomes of computed tomography (CT)-based virtual surgical planning (VSP) and a three-dimensional (3D)-printed, patient-specific reduction system to conventional indirect reduction techniques for diaphyseal tibial fractures stabilized using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in dogs.

Study Design: A prospective clinical study with a historic control cohort.

Sample Population: Dogs undergoing MIPO stabilization of diaphyseal tibial fractures using a custom 3D-printed reduction system (3D-MIPO; n = 15) or conventional indirect reduction techniques (c-MIPO; n = 14).

Efficacy of virtual surgical planning and a three-dimensional-printed, patient-specific reduction system to facilitate alignment of diaphyseal tibial fractures stabilized by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in dogs: A prospective clinical study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed, patient-specific reduction system for aligning diaphyseal tibial fractures stabilized using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO).

Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Sample Population: Fifteen client owned dogs.

Anatomical variations of the equine femur and tibia using statistical shape modeling.

The objective of this study was to provide an overarching description of the inter-subject variability of the equine femur and tibia morphology using statistical shape modeling. Fifteen femora and fourteen tibiae were used for building the femur and tibia statistical shape models, respectively. Geometric variations in each mode were explained by biometrics measured on ±3 standard deviation instances generated by the shape models.

Three-dimensional models of the equine larynx can be used to perform traditional measures of arytenoid abduction and permit the positioning of modeled implants to demonstrate the anatomic feasibility of placing a rigid implant across the cricoarytenoid joint.

Objective: To develop 3D models of larynges to compare arytenoid abduction measurements between specimens and models, and to investigate the anatomic feasibility of placing an implant across the cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) with or without arthrotomy.

Samples: Cadaveric equine larynges (n = 9).

Procedures: Equine larynges underwent sequential CT scans in a neutral position and with 2 arytenoid treatments: bilateral arytenoid abduction (ABD) and bilateral arytenoid abduction after left cricoarytenoid joint arthrotomy (ARTH).

Effect of end-inspiratory pause on airway and physiological dead space in anesthetized horses.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a 30% end-inspiratory pause (EIP) on alveolar tidal volume (V), airway (V) and physiological (V) dead spaces in mechanically ventilated horses using volumetric capnography, and to evaluate the effect of EIP on carbon dioxide (CO) elimination per breath (Vcobr), PaCO and the ratio of PaO-to-fractional inspired oxygen (PaO:FiO).

Study Design: Prospective research study.

Animals: A group of eight healthy research horses undergoing laparotomy.

Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs: Ex vivo feasibility study and case report.

Objective: To describe and evaluate minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs using plates contoured to 3D-printed hemipelvic models.

Study Design: Ex vivo feasibility study and case report.

Sample Population: Adult canine cadavers (n = 5); 8 year old male neutered Chihuahua.

Sedated cesarean sections are associated with increased kid survival compared to general anesthesia in goats: retrospective cohort of 45 cases (2011-2021).

Objective: To determine whether anesthesia type (sedation or general anesthesia) affects kid survival to discharge in caprine cesarean sections (C-sections).

Animals: Retrospective cohort of 99 caprine C-sections (2011-2021).

Procedures: All surgeries were performed via left flank laparotomy in right lateral recumbency.

Quantification of equine stifle passive kinematics.

Objective: This study aims to quantitatively characterize the passive kinematics of the healthy, soft tissue-intact equine stifle to establish an objective foundation for providing insights into the etiology of stifle disorders and developing a possible surgical treatment for stifle degenerative disease.

Animals: 5 whole-horse specimens.

Procedures: Reflective markers with intracortical bone pins and a motion capture system were used to investigate the stifle joint kinematics.

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of femoral fractures with 3D-printed bone models and custom surgical guides: A cadaveric study in dogs.

Objective: Assess the accuracy and efficiency of reduction provided by application of plates precontoured to 3-dimensional (3D)-printed femoral bone models using a custom fracture reduction system (FRS) or intramedullary pin (IMP) to facilitate femoral minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in dogs.

Study Design: Experimental cadaveric study.

Sample Population: Seven dog cadavers.

Lumbosacral intrathecal lidocaine provides adequate analgesia for cesarean sections in goats: 7 cases (2020-2021).

Objective: To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of lumbosacral intrathecal administration of 2% lidocaine in goats undergoing cesarean sections (C-sections).

Animals: 7 client-owned goats.

Procedures: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify records of goats undergoing C-sections between January 2020 and November 2021 with intrathecal administration of lidocaine as the primary method of analgesia.

Kinematics of the equine distal sesamoid (navicular) bone of the thoracic limb.

Objective: To quantify the translation and angular rotation of the distal sesamoid bone (DSB) using computed tomography (CT) and medical modeling software.

Sample: 30 thoracic limbs from equine cadavers.

Procedures: Partial (n = 12), full (8), and matched full and subsequently transected (10) thoracic limbs were collected.

Efficacy of two reduction methods in conjunction with 3-D-printed patient-specific pin guides for aligning simulated comminuted tibial fractures in cadaveric dogs.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and accuracy of using 2 methods for reduction and alignment of simulated comminuted diaphyseal tibial fractures in conjunction with 3-D-printed patient-specific pin guides.

Sample: Paired pelvic limbs from 8 skeletally mature dogs weighing 20 to 35 kg.

Methods: CT images of both tibiae were obtained, and 3-D reconstructions of the tibiae were used to create proximal and distal patient-specific pin guides.

Accuracy of virtual surgical planning and custom three-dimensionally printed osteotomy and reduction guides for acute uni- and biapical correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs.

Objective: To report clinical experience using virtual surgical planning (VSP) and surgical application of 3D printed custom surgical guides to facilitate uni- and biapical correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs.

Animals: 11 dogs (13 antebrachial deformity corrections).

Procedures: Using CT-based bone models, VSP was performed, and surgical guides were designed and 3D printed.

Three-Dimensional Modeling and Kinematic Evaluation of Interspinous Ligament Desmotomy in Horses.

Interspinous ligament desmotomy (ISLD) has been shown to improve the comfort of horses diagnosed with overriding dorsal spinous processes (DSP), but its effects on spine mobility are unknown. To objectively quantify the change in mobility of thoracic vertebrae following ISLD using CT and medical modeling software. Prospective cadaveric manipulation of seven equine thoracolumbar spines collected from T11-L1.

Three-dimensional printed surgical guides for keratoma removal in horses using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging-based segmentation.

Objective: To report the technique, surgical approach, and postoperative features in horses treated via a 3-dimensional (3D) printed guide-assisted keratoma resection created using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based segmentation.

Animals: Five client-owned horses.

Study Design: Short case series.

Evaluation of a crescent saw guide for tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy: An ex vivo study.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel crescent-shaped tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy (TPLO) saw guide (crescent guide) to assist with saw control in novice participants.

Study Design: Ex vivo study.

Sample Population: Synthetic bones (n = 54) and medium sized dog pelvic limbs (n = 36).

Correction: Three-dimensional-printed custom guides for bipolar coxofemoral osteochondral allograft in dogs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Three-Dimensional Segmentation and Comparison of Equine Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Pathology in Horses Undergoing Repeated MRI Examination.

The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has led to increased clinical and research applications using 3D segmentation and reconstructed volumetric data in musculoskeletal imaging. Lesions of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) are a common pathology in horses undergoing MRI. Three-dimensional MRI reconstruction performed for volumetric tendon analysis in horses has not previously been documented.

Three-dimensional printed guides for screw placement in equine navicular bones.

Objective: To determine the influence of a custom 3D-printed guide for placement of cortical bone screws in the equine navicular bone.

Study Design: Ex vivo study.

Sample Population: Eight pairs of normal adult equine forelimbs.

Use of Hausdorff Distance and Computer Modelling to Evaluate Virtual Surgical Plans with Three-Dimensional Printed Guides against Freehand Techniques for Navicular Bone Repair in Equine Orthopaedics.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical execution of a virtual surgical plan (VSP) with three-dimensional (3D) guides against a freehand approach in the equine navicular bone using an automated computer analysis technique.

Study Design:  Eight pairs of cadaveric forelimb specimens of adult horses were used in an experimental study design with modelling. Limbs received either a 3.

Static Magnetic Fields within Spinal Interbody Cages for the Promotion of Spinal Arthrodesis: A Pilot Study.

Background: Spinal arthrodesis is a commonly performed spinal operation. Spinal arthrodesis can be complicated by pseudoarthrosis and resultant hardware failure. Static magnetic fields (SMF) have the ability to improve bone fusion.

Nanostructured Mineral Coatings Stabilize Proteins for Therapeutic Delivery.

Proteins tend to lose their biological activity due to their fragile structural conformation during formulation, storage, and delivery. Thus, the inability to stabilize proteins in controlled-release systems represents a major obstacle in drug delivery. Here, a bone mineral inspired protein stabilization strategy is presented, which uses nanostructured mineral coatings on medical devices.

Magnetic particle translation as a surrogate measure for synovial fluid mechanics.

The mechanics of synovial fluid vary with disease progression, but are difficult to quantify quickly in a clinical setting due to small sample volumes. In this study, a novel technique to measure synovial fluid mechanics using magnetic nanoparticles is introduced. Briefly, microspheres embedded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, termed magnetic particles, are distributed through a 100μL synovial fluid sample.

In vitro biomechanical evaluation of four surgical techniques for fusion of equine centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the biomechanical properties of 4 methods for fusion of the centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints in horses and compare them among each other and with control tarsi. SAMPLE 24 sets of paired tarsi without substantial signs of osteoarthritis harvested from equine cadavers. PROCEDURES Test constructs (n = 6/type) were prepared from 1 tarsus from each pair to represent surgical drilling; 2 medially to laterally placed kerf-cut cylinders (MLKCs); a single large, dorsally applied kerf-cut cylinder (DKC); and a dorsomedially applied locking compression plate (DMLCP).