Calorie restriction and life-extending mutation downregulate miR-34a to facilitate lipid metabolism in the liver.

Ames dwarf mice (df/df) display delayed aging relative to their normal (N) siblings, living approximately 40-60 % longer. As such, investigating the mechanisms that enable these organisms to have extended lifespan is useful for the development of interventions to slow aging and deter age-related disease. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition that is characterized by the accumulation of excess adipose tissue in the liver.

Impact of visceral adipose tissue on longevity and metabolic health: a comparative study of gene expression in perirenal and epididymal fat of Ames dwarf mice.

Emerging research underscores the pivotal role of adipose tissue in regulating systemic aging processes, particularly when viewed through the lens of the endocrine hypotheses of aging. This study delves into the unique adipose characteristics in an important animal model of aging - the long-lived Ames dwarf (df/df) mice. Characterized by a Prop1 gene mutation, these mice exhibit a deficiency in growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and TSH, alongside extremely low circulating IGF-1 levels.

GH deficiency confers protective advantages against Alzheimer's disease through rescued miRNA expression profile in APP/PS1 mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting approximately 6.5 million Americans age 65 or older. AD is characterized by increased cognitive impairment and treatment options available provide minimal disease attenuation.

Allicin, a dietary trpa1 agonist, prevents high fat diet-induced dysregulation of gut hormones and associated complications.

Given the global epidemic of diabesity (co-existence of both diabetes and obesity), novel approaches that target gut hormone secretion and their modulation may offer the dual benefits of increased efficacy and limited side effects. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that agonism of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), using a dietary activator, has a modulatory role in high fat diet (HFD)-induced dysregulation of post-prandial gut hormone responses and prevention of metabolic alterations. The effect of HFD on TRPA1 expression in different parts of the gut using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and RT-PCR was studied.

Growth Hormone Signaling Shapes the Impact of Environmental Temperature on Transcriptomic Profile of Different Adipose Tissue Depots in Male Mice.

Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice are smaller, long living, and have an increased metabolic rate compared with normal (N) littermates. However, it is known that thermoneutral conditions (30-32°C) elicit metabolic adaptations in mice, increasing the metabolic rate. Therefore, we hypothesized that environmental temperature would affect the expression profile of different adipose tissue depots in GHRKO mice.

Senolytic Combination of Dasatinib and Quercetin Alleviates Intestinal Senescence and Inflammation and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Aged Mice.

Cellular senescence contributes to age-related disorders including physical dysfunction, disabilities, and mortality caused by tissue inflammation and damage. Senescent cells accumulate in multiple tissues with aging and at etiological sites of multiple chronic disorders. The senolytic drug combination, Dasatinib plus Quercetin (D+Q), is known to reduce senescent cell abundance in aged mice.

The Role of Ames Dwarfism and Calorie Restriction on Gut Microbiota.

The gut microbiome (GM) represents a large and very complex ecosystem of different microorganisms. There is an extensive interest in the potential role of the GM in different diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. The GM changes over the lifespan and is strongly associated with various age-related diseases.

Bioavailable Menthol (Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-8 Agonist) Induces Energy Expending Phenotype in Differentiating Adipocytes.

Recent evidence supports the role of menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, in enhanced energy expenditure, thermogenesis and BAT-like activity in classical WAT depots in a TRPM8 dependent and independent manner. The present study was designed to analyse whether oral and topical administration of menthol is bioavailable at subcutaneous adipose tissue and is sufficient to directlyinduce desired energy expenditure effects. GC-FID was performed to study menthol bioavailability in serum and subcutaneous white adipose tissue following oral and topical administration.

Ferrous and non-ferrous recycling: Challenges and potential technology solutions.

Metals recycling is one of the oldest industries in the United States that now employs over 530,000 individuals. It has always played a significant role in the economy, supplied extensive goods and services, and the costs and benefits directly and/or indirectly extend worldwide. Improved efficiency in metals recycling is crucial to achieving a more circular economy; to enable this requires understanding how the industry operates and the challenges it must overcome.

Melatonin reverses the enhanced oxidative damage to membrane lipids and improves skin biophysical characteristics in former-smokers - A study in postmenopausal women.

Introduction And Objective: Protective antioxidative effects of melatonin have been repeatedly documented in experimental and clinical studies. One of the most spectacular exogenous prooxidative agents is cigarette smoking. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation; LPO) in blood serum, and in epidermis exfoliated during microdermabrasion collected from former-smokers who were treated with melatonin.

Assessment of Parathyroid Hormone Serum Level as a Predictor for Bone Condition Around Dental Implants.

Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate parathyroid hormone serum level as a potential single factor of bone metabolism around dental implants.

Materials And Methods: Parathyroid hormone levels were measured before implantation. Intraoral digital radiographs were taken in standardized conditions in all cases: immediately after implantation, immediately after functional loading, and 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after functional loading.

The role of transplanted visceral fat from the long-lived growth hormone receptor knockout mice on insulin signaling.

Growth hormone receptor knockout mice (GHRKO) are characterized by high insulin sensitivity and extended lifespan. Interestingly, the secretory activity of visceral fat in GHRKO mice is altered, stimulating whole body insulin sensitivity. In this study, we transplanted normal (N) mice with visceral fat pads from GHRKO or N mice to determine the role of visceral fat on the insulin signaling.

A Long-lived Mouse Lacking Both Growth Hormone and Growth Hormone Receptor: A New Animal Model for Aging Studies.

Disruption of the growth hormone (GH) signaling pathway promotes insulin sensitivity and is associated with both delayed aging and extended longevity. Two kinds of long-lived mice-Ames dwarfs (df/df) and GH receptor gene-disrupted knockouts (GHRKO) are characterized by a suppressed GH axis with a significant reduction of body size and decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin levels. Ames dwarf mice are deficient in GH, prolactin, and thyrotropin, whereas GHRKOs are GH resistant and are dwarf with decreased circulating IGF-1 and increased GH.

Higher lipid peroxidation in former-smokers vs. never-smokers - study in postmenopausal women.

Objectives: One of the most spectacular exogenous prooxidative agents is cigarette smoking, constituting a well documented risk factor for several diseases. In turn it is suggested that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women can contribute to oxidative status. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of oxidative damage to membrane lipids in blood serum collected from never-smokers and former-smokers.

Transcriptome profiling reveals divergent expression shifts in brown and white adipose tissue from long-lived GHRKO mice.

Mice lacking the growth hormone receptor (GHRKO) exhibit improved lifespan and healthspan due to loss of growth hormone signaling. Both the distribution and activity of brown and white adipose tissue (BAT and WAT) are altered in GHRKO mice, but the contribution of each tissue to age-related phenotypes has remained unclear. We therefore used whole-genome microarrays to evaluate transcriptional differences in BAT and WAT depots between GHRKO and normal littermates at six months of age.

Thyroxine modifies the effects of growth hormone in Ames dwarf mice.

Ames dwarf (df/df) mice lack growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin. Treatment of juvenile df/df mice with GH alone stimulates somatic growth, reduces insulin sensitivity and shortens lifespan. Early-life treatment with thyroxine (T4) alone produces modest growth stimulation but does not affect longevity.

Gene expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis is sex dependent in mice with growth hormone receptor deletion in liver.

Mitochondrial biogenesis is an essential process for cell viability. Mice with disruption of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene (Ghr gene) in the liver (LiGHRKO), in contrast to long-lived mice with global deletion of the Ghr gene (GHRKO), are characterized by lack of improved insulin sensitivity and severe hepatic steatosis. Tissue-specific disruption of the GHR in liver results in a mouse model with dramatically altered GH/IGF1 axis.

The effect of calorie restriction on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of Ames dwarf mice.

Long-living Ames dwarf (df/df) mice are homozygous for a mutation of the Prop1(df) gene. As a result, mice are deficient in growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH). In spite of the hormonal deficiencies, df/df mice live significantly longer and healthier lives compared to their wild type siblings.

Growth hormone abolishes beneficial effects of calorie restriction in long-lived Ames dwarf mice.

Disruption of the growth hormone (GH) axis promotes longevity and delays aging. In contrast, GH over-expression may lead to accelerated aging and shorter life. Calorie restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity and may extend lifespan.

The contribution of visceral fat to improved insulin signaling in Ames dwarf mice.

Ames dwarf (Prop1(df), df/df) mice are characterized by growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and thyrotropin deficiency, remarkable extension of longevity and increased insulin sensitivity with low levels of fasting insulin and glucose. Plasma levels of anti-inflammatory adiponectin are increased in df/df mice, while pro-inflammatory IL-6 is decreased in plasma and epididymal fat. This represents an important shift in the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissue, which was not exposed to GH signals during development or adult life.

Expression of apoptosis-related genes in liver-specific growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice is sex dependent.

Apoptosis is a process that affects life span and health. Mice with liver-specific disruption of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene (ie, Ghr gene) liver-specific growth hormone receptor knockout [LiGHRKO] mice), as opposed to mice with global deletion of the Ghr gene (GHRKO; Ghr-/-), are characterized by severe hepatic steatosis and lack of improved insulin sensitivity. We have previously shown that levels of proapoptotic factors are decreased in long-lived and insulin-sensitive GHRKO mice.

Pioglitazone does not improve insulin signaling in mice with GH over-expression.

Type 2 diabetes and obesity are very serious health problems in both developed and developing countries. An increased level of GH is known to promote insulin resistance. Transgenic (Tg) mice over-expressing bovine GH are short-living and characterized, among other traits, by hyperinsulinemia and increased insulin resistance in comparison with normal (N) mice.

TSH receptor antibodies have predictive value for breast cancer - retrospective analysis.

Background: Associations between breast cancer and thyroid disorders are reported in numerous studies. Relationships between thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and breast cancer have been previously demonstrated. However, no analysis has been performed concerning an association between thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) and breast cancer.