Stopping the bleed when tourniquets cannot: a technique for Foley catheter balloon compression in trauma.

Introduction: Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in trauma. Prehospital hemorrhage control techniques include tourniquet application for extremity wounds and direct compression; however, tourniquets are not effective in anatomic junctions, and direct compression is highly operator dependent. Balloon catheter compression has been employed previously in trauma care, but its use has been confined to the operating room and restricted to specific anatomic injuries.

Association of High BMI With Morbidity and Mortality in Common Emergency General Surgery Procedures.

Introduction: Emergency general surgery (EGS) patients are at increased risk for postoperative morbidity and mortality. Obesity is a risk factor for poor outcomes in this population. Our study aimed to explore the association of body mass index (BMI) with postoperative outcomes in patients requiring common EGS procedures.

Contemporary diagnosis and management of colorectal injuries: What you need to know.

Colorectal injuries are commonly encountered by trauma surgeons. The management of colorectal injuries has evolved significantly over the past several decades, beginning with wartime experience and subsequently refining with prospective randomized studies. Colon injuries were initially nonoperative, evolved toward fecal diversion for all, and then became anatomic based with resection and primary anastomosis with selective diversion, and now primary repair, resection with primary anastomosis, and delayed anastomosis after damage-control laparotomy are all commonplace.

High Body Mass Index is Associated With Increased Risk of Complications After Emergency Ventral Hernia Repair.

Introduction: Emergency general surgery is a risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality. Patients with obesity are at greater risk for complications following ventral hernia repair (VHR). Our study aimed to determine the association of obesity with postoperative outcomes in patients requiring emergency VHR.

Early surgery for perforated appendicitis: Are we moving the needle on postoperative abscess?

Background: Perforated appendicitis is often managed nonoperatively though upfront surgery is becoming more common. We describe postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing surgery at their index hospitalization for perforated appendicitis.

Methods: We used the 2016-2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify patients with appendicitis who underwent appendectomy or partial colectomy.

The Association Between Sex and Survival for Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rising, despite the introduction of a vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common etiology of anal SCC. The rate of anal SCC is higher among women and sex-based survival differences may exist. We aimed to examine the association between sex and survival for stage I-IV anal SCC.

Barriers to Evidence-Based Colorectal Cancer Care in Ukraine.

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in many low- to middle-income countries, including Ukraine. Ukraine reports high mortality rates in CRC patients. To identify potential areas for targeted interventions to improve CRC care in Ukraine, we investigated Ukrainian clinician perspectives on evidence-based CRC treatment guidelines.

Survival Outcomes for Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma at Academic Versus Community Hospitals.

Background: Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare disease with poor outcomes. Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is the cornerstone of therapy. We aim to compare outcomes of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma treated at academic versus community hospitals.

Is the current referral trend a threat to the Military Health System? Perioperative outcomes and costs after colorectal surgery in the Military Health System versus civilian facilities.

Background: TRICARE military beneficiaries are increasingly referred for major surgeries to civilian hospitals under "purchased care." This loss of volume may have a negative impact on the readiness of surgeons working in the "direct-care" setting at military treatment facilities and has important implications under the volume-quality paradigm. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of care source (direct versus purchased) and surgical volume on perioperative outcomes and costs of colorectal surgeries.

The utility of olfactory function in distinguishing early-stage Alzheimer's disease from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.

Objectives: Given the rising number of older people with HIV (PWH) and the overlap in cognitive dysfunction profiles in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and Alzheimer's disease and its precursor, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), methods are needed to distinguish aMCI/Alzheimer's disease from HAND. As an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease, we examined whether olfactory dysfunction could help to distinguish between aMCI/Alzheimer's disease and HAND among PWH.

Design: An observational cohort study.

Association of surgical approach and prolonged opioid prescriptions in patients undergoing major pelvic cancer procedures.

Background: The rise in deaths attributed to opioid drugs has become a major public health problem in the United States and in the world. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is associated with a faster postoperative recovery and our aim was to investigate if the use of MIS was associated with lower odds of prolonged opioid prescriptions after major procedures.

Methods: Retrospective study using the IBM Watson Health Marketscan® Commerical Claims and Encounters Database investigating opioid-naïve cancer patients aged 18-64 who underwent open versus MIS radical prostatectomy (RP), partial colectomy (PC) or hysterectomy (HYS) from 2012 to 2017.

The Current Landscape of Staging and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in a Region of Ukraine: a Mixed Methods Study.

Background: In Ukraine, the 1-year mortality for colorectal cancer is much higher than that seen in high-income countries. We investigated practice patterns of colorectal cancer treatment in a region of Ukraine to account for high mortality rates.

Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used.

Factors Associated With the Professional Success of Female Surgical Department Chairs: A Qualitative Study.

Importance: Only 7% of US surgical department chairs are occupied by women. While the proportion of women in the surgical workforce continues to increase, women remain significantly underrepresented across leadership roles within surgery.

Objective: To identify commonality among female surgical chairs with attention toward moderators that appear to have contributed to their professional success.

Surgical resection improves overall survival of patients with small bowel leiomyosarcoma.

Purpose: Small bowel leiomyosarcoma (SB LMS) is a rare disease with few studies characterizing its outcomes. This study aims to evaluate surgical outcomes for patients with SB LMS.

Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried from 2004 to 2016 to identify patients with SB LMS who underwent surgical resection.

Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities After Surgical Resection for Rectal Cancer.

Background: There are various racial, socioeconomic, and tumor-specific factors that can impact rectal cancer outcomes. The current systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effect socioeconomic and racial variables on overall survival of rectal cancer patients after surgical resection.

Methods: A literature search was performed via electronic databases according to Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.

Racial Disparities in Treatment for Rectal Cancer at Minority-Serving Hospitals.

Background: Racial disparities exist in patients with rectal cancer with respect to both treatment and survival. Minority-serving hospitals (MSHs) provide healthcare to a disproportionately large percent of minority patients in the USA. We examined the effects of rectal cancer treatment at MSH to understand drivers of these disparities.

A multi-center analysis of cumulative inpatient opioid use in colorectal surgery patients.

Background: There are little data on risk factors for increased inpatient opioid use and its relationship with persistent opioid use after colorectal surgery.

Methods: We identified colorectal surgery patients across five collaborating institutions. Patient comorbidities, surgery data, and outcomes were captured in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.

Surgical Management of Small Bowel Lymphoma.

Background: Primary small bowel non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare disease representing 2% of small intestine malignancies. There is limited data delineating the optimal treatment for these heterogeneous tumors. We aim to examine relationships between different treatment modalities and surgical outcomes in patients with small bowel lymphoma.