Association Between Temporomandibular Disorders and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass various clinical conditions associated with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the masticatory muscles. TMD symptoms include pain in the orofacial region, restricted or altered mandibular movement, and sounds associated with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This condition adversely affects quality of life, social functioning, and daily activities, and may also contribute to widespread pain syndromes and comorbidities, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Comparative efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus B-mode ultrasound in the diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic abscesses.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosing and monitoring hepatic abscesses (HA).

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 29 patients (9 females, 20 males) with 64 HA. Computed tomography (CT) served as the diagnostic benchmark, compared with CEUS and B-mode ultrasound (B-mode).

Comparison of ustekinumab, infliximab and combination therapy in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis - a study protocol of a randomized, multicenter, head-to-head COMBO-UC trial.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a complex etiology that affects the large intestine. Characterized by chronic, bloody diarrhea, UC can lead to severe complications, including an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Despite advancements in conservative treatment, including biologics like anti-TNF agents and ustekinumab (UST), many patients do not achieve full remission.

Utility of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Optimizing Hepatic Abscess Treatment and Monitoring.

: Untreated hepatic abscesses (HAs) have an 80% mortality rate and can be caused by bacteria and fungi. Previously managed with surgery, current treatments now utilize interventional radiology and antibiotics, reducing complications to 2.5%.

Usefulness of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Differentiation between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Benign Liver Lesions.

A differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and benign liver lesions is required. The aim of the study was to perform an analysis of the time of enhancement of focal liver lesions in a contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examination. The curves of enhancement and the homogeneity of the tumor enhancement were assessed.

A Crosstalk between the Cannabinoid Receptors and Nociceptin Receptors in Colitis-Clinical Implications.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) refer to a group of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders with complex pathogenesis characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation with a variety of symptoms. Cannabinoid and nociceptin opioid receptors (NOPs) and their ligands are widely distributed in the GI tract. The nociceptin opioid receptor is a newly discovered member of the opioid receptor family with unique characteristics.

Neurological Manifestations and Psychiatric Disorders in the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by cumbersome symptoms with varying severity. However, regardless of the intensity of disease activity the patients may experience extraintestinal manifestations which further deteriorate the patients' quality of life. According to the literature, nearly half of the patients with IBD will develop at least one extraintestinal manifestation in their lifespan.

Efficacy, Safety and Future Perspectives of JAK Inhibitors in the IBD Treatment.

Although development of biologics has importantly improved the effectiveness in inducing and maintaining remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), biologic therapies still have several limitations. Effective, low-cost drug therapy with good safety profile and compliance is therefore a substantial unmet medical need. A promising target for IBD treatment strategies are Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, which are small molecules that interact with cytokines implicated in pathogenesis of IBD.

Activation of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 Affects Intestinal Inflammation and Improves Colon Permeability in Mice.

Diet is considered an important trigger in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as feeding habits can affect intestinal permeability and clearance of bacterial antigens, consequently influencing the immune system. Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), expressed on the intestinal epithelial cells, belong to the family of luminal-facing receptors that are responsive to nutrients. The objective of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory activity and the effect on intestinal barrier function of synthetic FFAR agonists in mouse models of colitis.

Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of human cathelicidin active fragment KR-12 in the mouse models of colitis: a novel potential therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal tract disorders with complex etiology, with intestinal dysbiosis as the most prominent factor. In this study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial actions of the human cathelicidin LL-37 and its shortest active fragment, KR-12 in the mouse models of colitis.

Materials And Methods: Mouse models of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were used in the study.

Novel selective agonist of GPR18, PSB-KK-1415 exerts potent anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities in animal models of intestinal inflammation and inflammatory pain.

Background: GPR18 is a recently deorphanized receptor which was reported to act with several endogenous cannabinoid ligands. Here, we aimed to describe the role of GPR18 in intestinal inflammation and inflammatory pain.

Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of selective GPR18 agonist, PSB-KK-1415, and antagonist, PSB-CB5, was characterized in semi-chronic and chronic mouse models of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS).

Free Fatty Acid Receptors as new potential therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Family of Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFARs), specific G protein-coupled receptors comprises of four members: FFAR1-4, where each responds to different chain length of fatty acids (FAs). Over the years, FFARs have become attractive pharmacological targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases and asthma; recent studies also point to their role in inflammation. It is now well-established that activation of FFAR1 and FFAR4 by long and medium chain FAs may lead to reduction of inflammatory state; FFAR2 and FFAR3 are activated by short chain FAs, but only FFAR2 was shown to alleviate inflammation, mostly by neutrophil inhibition.

Gastrointestinal Adverse Events of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Inverse Agonists suggest their Potential Use in Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders characterized by pain and impaired bowel movements. Currently available drugs show limited efficacy. Cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) inverse agonists (CB1-RAN) cause diarrhea and may be candidates for the treatment of constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C).

Free Fatty Acid Receptors as New Potential Targets in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In developed countries, its mortality remains high, yet the prevalence has established owing to effective screening programs; however due to the westernization of lifestyle, the incidences in many other countries have increased. Although the treatment of CRC has improved in the last few years, the side effects of these approaches cannot be neglected.

Dietary fatty acid content influences the expression of genes involved in the lipid turnover and inflammation in mouse colon and spleen.

Background: Dietary interventions can improve gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We determined the effects of fatty acids (FAs) supplementation with medium- and long-chain saturated FAs on mouse GI motility and correlated them with the expression of genes for free FA receptors (FFAR)1-4, FA binding protein 4 (FABP4) and inflammation.

Methods: Forty-eight BalbC were assigned to: standard diet (STD), diet rich in medium-chain saturated FAs (COCO) and long-chain saturated FAs (HF) (7% by weight).

Possible application of trefoil factor family peptides in gastroesophageal reflux and Barrett's esophagus.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic disorder of the digestive tract characterised mainly by a heartburn. Being one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases, the prevalence of GERD reaches up to 25.9% in Europe.

Antinociceptive potency of enkephalins and enkephalinase inhibitors in the mouse model of colorectal distension-proof-of-concept.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disease characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. Patients with IBS comprise a significant portion of attendants at the outpatient clinics. Targeting intestinal opioid receptors was found successful in alleviating pain and diarrhea-two major symptoms of IBS.

Fat-soluble Vitamin Deficiencies and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Vitamin deficiency is frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Supplementation of vitamins could thus serve as an adjunctive therapy. The present meta-analysis reviews the deficiencies and alterations in serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) reported in IBD patients.

Targeting Histamine Receptors in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Critical Appraisal.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a group of functional gastrointestinal disorders with not yet fully clarified etiology. Recent evidence suggesting that mast cells may play a central role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome paves the way for agents targeting histamine receptors as a potential therapeutic option in clinical treatment. In this review, the role of histamine and histamine receptors is debated.