Global Epidemiology and Geographic Variations of Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990 to 2019.

Background: An increasing incidence of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has been reported in many countries. However, the global burden and distribution of this disease remain less understood. We aimed to examine the global epidemiology and trends of PIBD from 1990 to 2019.

Fecal microbiota transplantation may reduce the mortality of patients with severe and fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection compared to standard-of-care antibiotics in a community hospital.

Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is known for significant morbidity and mortality. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective therapy for recurrent and resistant CDI. However, its impact on the mortality rate of patients with severe and fulminant CDI has not been rigorously studied yet.

Demographics of Gastroparesis Hospitalizations Through the Age Spectrum Using National Inpatient Databases: Children Compared With Adults.

Goal: The goal of this study was to characterize the etiology and demographics of hospitalized patients with gastroparesis (Gp) across different age groups.

Background: Gp is a chronic condition associated with increasing hospitalizations and costs. The gender and etiology distributions of Gp throughout the age spectrum are unknown.

Virtual Gastroenterology Fellowship Recruitment During COVID-19 and Its Implications for the Future.

Background And Aims: Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, medical education organizations endorsed a virtual recruitment format, representing a stark change from traditional in-person interviews. We aimed to identify the attitudes and perceptions of Gastroenterology Fellowship Program Directors (PDs) and applicants regarding the virtual interview experience and the role of virtual interviews (VI) in the future.

Methods: We designed separate surveys targeting PDs and applicants using the Qualtrics software.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Highly Effective in Real-World Practice: Initial Results From the FMT National Registry.

Background & Aims: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is used commonly for treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs), although prospective safety data are limited and real-world FMT practice and outcomes are not well described. The FMT National Registry was designed to assess FMT methods and both safety and effectiveness outcomes from North American FMT providers.

Methods: Patients undergoing FMT in clinical practices across North America were eligible.

Current Status of Medical Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Wealth of Medications.

Previously, the natural history of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis included significant morbidity due to limited treatment options that were not without serious side effects. Early treatment options included corticosteroids as well as mesalamine, thiopurines, and methotrexate. In 1998, monoclonal antibodies to a key inflammatory cytokine, TNFα, became available.

Factors Associated With Hospital Admissions and Readmissions in Patients With Gastroparesis Using the Nationwide Readmission Database.

Background: Gastroparesis can be associated with severe symptoms. Health care utilization for gastroparesis has increased in part due to an increase in hospital admissions.

Goals: To characterize patients admitted for gastroparesis-related symptoms and determine risk factors associated with 30-day readmissions.

Incidence and risk factors of dysphagia after variceal band ligation.

Background And Aim: There is a lack of data on long-term morbidity, particularly dysphagia, following endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL). The aim of this study are to assess the incidence of dysphagia and variables associated with this complication after EVL.

Methods: We identified individuals who completed at least one session of EVL as their sole treatment for varices from August 2012 to December 2017.

Recent use of NSAID and NOAC medications are associated with a positive CT arteriogram.

Background: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a diagnostic modality utilized in patients with suspected active lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. CTA use in clinical practice is limited by the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy, and the loss of patients from direct physician observation while undergoing the test. Identifying clinical predictors of a positive result would be useful in guiding physician utilization of CTA studies.

Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent and severe Clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant recipients: A multicenter experience.

Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is recommended for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) treatment; however, use in solid organ transplantation (SOT) patients has theoretical safety concerns. This multicenter, retrospective study evaluated FMT safety, effectiveness, and risk factors for failure in SOT patients. Primary cure and overall cure were defined as resolution of diarrhea or negative C difficile stool test after a single FMT or after subsequent FMT(s) ± anti-CDI antibiotics, respectively.

Gastric Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (G-POEM) for the Treatment of Refractory Gastroparesis: Early Experience.

Background: Gastric per oral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) of the pylorus is a technique that is recently being used to treat gastroparesis. Our aim was to report our experience in performing G-POEM for refractory gastroparesis of different etiologies and determine symptom improvement.

Methods: Thirteen patients undergoing G-POEM are reported.

Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at an increased risk of colorectal cancer when compared to the general population. Chronic inflammation is thought to be the underlying cause, and medications that reduce inflammation have the potential to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Areas covered: After conducting a PubMed search for relevant literature, we examined several classes of medications that have been studied as potential chemopreventive agents.

Chronic Abdominal Wall Pain: An Under-Recognized Diagnosis Leading to Unnecessary Testing.

Chronic abdominal wall pain (CAWP) refers to a condition wherein pain originates from the abdominal wall itself rather than the underlying viscera. According to various estimates, 10% to 30% of patients with chronic abdominal pain are eventually diagnosed with CAWP, usually after expensive testing has failed to uncover another etiology. The most common cause of CAWP is anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome.

Measurement of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a Marker of Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: Definitive diagnosis of IBD requires endoscopic and pathologic confirmation. These tools are also used to classify disease activity. Our aim was to determine if the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) could be utilized to screen for IBD and assess for disease activity.

Vancomycin Enemas as Adjunctive Therapy for Clostridium difficile Infection.

Background: For severe, complicated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), concomitant treatment with IV metronidazole and oral vancomycin is usually prescribed. Sometimes vancomycin per rectum (VPR) is added to increase colonic drug delivery. Our purpose was to examine clinical outcomes of patients with CDI treated with VPR and compare results to a matched control group.

Administrative Database Research Overestimates the Rate of Interval Colon Cancer.

Goals: Our study reexamines the prevalence of interval colorectal cancer (I-CRC) by manually reviewing CRC cases at a single institution.

Background: In 2% to 8% of patients with CRC, diagnosis occurs during the interval 6 to 36 months after a cancer-free colonoscopy. Rates are often determined by linking the date of colonoscopy with cancer registry information.

Double balloon enteroscopy: effective and minimally invasive method for removal of retained video capsules.

Background And Aim: Prior case series document removal of retained video capsules predominantly via surgical intervention. Data on endoscopic removal of retained capsules are limited. Our aim was to describe an endoscopic method of retrieval using double balloon enteroscopy (DBE).

Current practice and perception of screening for medication adherence in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Adherence to medication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) improves outcomes. Current practices of screening for adherence to IBD medications are unknown. The goal of this study was to determine current practice and perception of screening for medication adherence among US-based gastroenterologists.

Are your patients taking their medicine? Validation of a new adherence scale in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and comparison with physician perception of adherence.

Background: To date no adherence survey has been validated in IBD. The aim was to administer an improved medication adherence survey to IBD patients, to validate the scale in IBD, and to compare the results to perceived adherence by the gastroenterologists.

Methods: IBD patients were given the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).