Analysis of US Marketed Artemisinin Supplements for Use in Dogs.

Oral artemisinin has antiparasitic activity and may help improve treatment success rates in dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni. However, these artemisinin products are unapproved and unregulated botanical supplements. They have not been evaluated for safety and efficacy or for strength, purity, or quality compared with a reference standard.

Case report: Severe hepatopathy following rivaroxaban administration in a dog.

Rivaroxaban, a specific factor Xa inhibitor and commonly utilized anticoagulant, has been known to cause hepatotoxicity and liver failure in humans. Although rivaroxaban is frequently used in veterinary medicine, hepatotoxicity has not been previously reported in dogs. The current case report describes a dog that developed severe hepatopathy following rivaroxaban administration for a large right pulmonary artery thrombus.

The Diverse Pathogenicity of Various Parasite Species That Infect Dogs.

species infect a very wide range of mammal hosts across the globe, and zoonotic infections are of growing concern. Several species of the genus infect dogs, and some of these cause significant morbidity and mortality. The Apicomplexan parasite resides within the red cell and infections result in direct damage to the host through intra- and extravascular hemolysis.

A retrospective study of vector borne disease prevalence among anemic dogs in North Carolina.

Background: Anemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Further understanding of the prevalence of vector borne diseases (VBD) in anemic dogs is needed.

Objectives: The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the rate of exposure to or infection with VBD among anemic dogs presented to a teaching hospital in North Carolina and to further characterize the anemia in dogs with VBD exposure.

Gastric pH and serum gastrin concentration in age-matched healthy dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Gastric hyperacidity and hypergastrinemia are purported to cause gastric ulceration in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, no published studies have evaluated gastric pH with serum gastrin concentrations in dogs with CKD.

Hypothesis: To compare mean intragastric pH, mean percent pH distribution, and serum gastrin concentrations in dogs with CKD to age-matched, healthy dogs. We hypothesized there would be no difference in mean gastric pH or serum gastrin between groups.

Transmission of Cytauxzoon felis by injection of Amblyomma americanum salivary glands.

Background: Cytauxzoonosis is a life-threatening disease of cats, caused by the tick-borne piroplasmid hemoparasite, Cytauxzoon felis. Current experimental models for cytauxzoonosis rely on either tick transmission or direct injection of infected cat tissues. These models require researchers to directly work with infected ticks or use cats with acute cytauxzoonosis.

Canine piroplasmids: Molecular detection and laboratory characterization in dogs from Brasilia, Brazil, with the first molecular evidence of dog exposure to a novel opossum-associated Babesia sp.

Canine piroplasmid infections can be caused by Babesia spp., Theileria spp. and Rangelia vitalii.

A Novel Vaccine Strategy to Prevent Cytauxzoonosis in Domestic Cats.

Cytauxzoonosis is caused by (), a tick-borne parasite that causes severe disease in domestic cats in the United States. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent this fatal disease, as traditional vaccine development strategies have been limited by the inability to culture this parasite in vitro. Here, we used a replication-defective human adenoviral vector (AdHu5) to deliver -specific immunogenic antigens and induce a cell-mediated and humoral immune response in cats.

A practical protocol to prepare paraffin-embedded whole tick histology sections.

Ticks are important ectoparasites that are capable of transmitting multiple classes of pathogens and are currently linked with many emerging tick-borne diseases worldwide. With increasing occurrences of tick-borne diseases in both humans and veterinary species, there is a continuous need to further our understanding of ticks and the pathogens they transmit. Whole tick histology provides a full scope of the tick internal anatomy, allowing researchers to examine multiple organs of interest in a single section.

Cytauxzoon felis in salivary glands of Amblyomma americanum.

Cytauxzoon felis is a tick-borne piroplasmid hemoparasite that causes life-threatening disease in cats. Despite the critical role that ticks play in pathogen transmission, our knowledge regarding the C. felis life cycle remains limited to the feline hosts.

Babesia in North America: An Update.

Canine babesiosis results from infection of 1 of 5 identified protozoal species in the United States (Babesia conradae, Babesia sp. "coco," Babesia gibsoni, Babesia vogeli, and Babesia vulpes). They are part of the Apicomplexa family of protozoa and are obligate intraerythrocytic parasites.

A Serodiagnostic IgM ELISA to Detect Acute Cytauxzoonosis.

Cytauxzoonosis is a tick-borne infectious disease affecting domestic cats with high mortality and limited treatment modalities. Because early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are crucial to survival of infected cats, the objective of this study was to develop an ELISA capable of detecting cytauxzoonosis and differentiating acute vs. chronic infection in clinical feline blood samples.

Piroplasmid infection is not associated with clinicopathological and laboratory abnormalities in cats from Midwestern Brazil.

Feline piroplasmids include the genera Babesia spp., Cytauxzoon spp., and Theileria spp.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Direct injection of Amblyomma americanum ticks with Cytauxzoon felis.

Cytauxzoon felis is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasite that causes life-threatening disease in domestic cats in the United States. Currently, the platforms for C. felis research are limited to natural or experimental infection of domestic cats.

A novel missense mutation of the NAT10 gene in a juvenile Schnauzer dog with chronic respiratory tract infections.

An 18-month-old intact male Schnauzer dog was evaluated for chronic, lifelong respiratory tract infections that were unresponsive to administration of a variety of antibiotics and corticosteroids. The dog developed persistent vomiting and diarrhea around 1 year of age that was minimally responsive to diet change, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. Despite supportive care, the dog was ultimately euthanized at 20 months of age due to persistent respiratory and gastrointestinal disease.

Global distribution of canine Babesia species identified by a commercial diagnostic laboratory.

Babesia species are important canine pathogens with a nearly worldwide distribution. Our understanding of the distribution of these parasites is continually improving. This is in large part, due to improved molecular diagnostic capabilities.

Pathognomonic thoracic radiographic findings are lacking in cats with acute Cytauxzoonosis.

Cytauxzoon felis is a tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasite that often causes fatal disease in domestic cats. Histological studies have described substantial pulmonary pathology due to cytauxzoonosis. Published reports were not found describing the thoracic radiographic signs associated with acute cytauxzoonosis in cats.

Three-dimensional bladder ultrasound for estimation of urine volume in dogs compared with traditional 2-dimensional ultrasound methods.

Background: Although point-of-care volumetric assessments of the urinary bladder are not routinely performed in dogs, urine volume quantification can provide important clinical information including noninvasive urine output estimation.

Hypothesis/objective: Use of 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound for determination of urinary bladder volume (UBV) in dogs will be accurate for different bladder volumes and will decrease the need for operator skill in measuring UBV compared to 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound evaluation.

Animals: Ten laboratory-bred Beagle dogs.

Cytauxzoon felis cytochrome b gene mutation associated with atovaquone and azithromycin treatment.

Background: Atovaquone and azithromycin (A&A) with supportive care improve survival rates in cats with cytauxzoonosis. Resistance to atovaquone via parasite cytochrome b gene (cytb) mutations occurs in other Apicomplexan protozoans but is not described in Cytauxzoon felis.

Objective: To serially characterize the C.

A new piroplasmid species infecting dogs: morphological and molecular characterization and pathogeny of Babesia negevi n. sp.

Introduction: Babesiosis is a protozoan tick-borne infection associated with anemia and life-threatening disease in humans, domestic and wildlife animals. Dogs are infected by at least six well-characterized Babesia spp. that cause clinical disease.