Leadership assessments: A history and overview of empirical and practical considerations.

Assessment instruments are critical to assist in the selection and development of strong, effective leaders. Developing a strong understanding of what makes a tool empirically sound, based on solid scientific concepts, can mean the difference between choosing an assessment that provides targeted, actionable, and accurate information versus an instrument that yields information that is biased, unhelpful, or even harmful to individuals and organizations. This article discusses the history of leadership assessments and how to critically evaluate available leadership instruments in order to enhance decision-making about what tool to use.

Romantic passion as output from a self-regulating, intimacy-seeking system: a model for understanding passionate love.

This article presents a model of why individuals experience the feeling of passionate love in intimate relationships. Previous models have been limited because they do not describe the purpose and function of passionate love, do not incorporate basic emotion and personality theory, or are not applicable to help couples in distress. The present model reinterprets and integrates previous findings.

Two distinct emotional experiences in romantic relationships: effects of perceptions regarding approach of intimacy and avoidance of conflict.

This study examined how perceived position and velocity regarding approach and avoidance in romantic relationships relate to affective experiences. The authors hypothesized that perceived progress toward intimacy would predict positive affect and that perceived movement toward conflict would predict anxious affect. Ninety-two romantic couples recorded perceived levels of, and perceived changes in, both intimacy and conflict twice daily throughout 10 consecutive days using electronic palm-top devices.