Does Sex Matter? Temporal Analyses of Melanoma Trends among Men and Women Suggest Etiologic Heterogeneity.

The incidence and distribution of cutaneous melanoma differ between the sexes, but it is unclear whether these differences have been constant through time or across generations. We compared incidence trends by age, sex, and anatomic site by analyzing long-term melanoma data (1982-2018) in 3 populations residing at high-, moderate-, and low-ambient sun exposure: Queensland, Australia; United States White; and Scotland. We fit age-period-cohort models and compared trends in the male-to-female incidence rate ratio by site and sex.

Cancer Incidence Trends in Successive Social Generations in the US.

Importance: The incidence of some cancers in the US is increasing in younger age groups, but underlying trends in cancer patterns by birth year remain unclear.

Objective: To estimate cancer incidence trends in successive social generations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, incident invasive cancers were ascertained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program's 13-registry database (November 2020 submission, accessed August 14, 2023).

Advances in statistical methods for cancer surveillance research: an age-period-cohort perspective.

Background: Analysis of Lexis diagrams (population-based cancer incidence and mortality rates indexed by age group and calendar period) requires specialized statistical methods. However, existing methods have limitations that can now be overcome using new approaches.

Methods: We assembled a "toolbox" of novel methods to identify trends and patterns by age group, calendar period, and birth cohort.

Comparative age-period-cohort analysis.

Background: Cancer surveillance researchers analyze incidence or mortality rates jointly indexed by age group and calendar period using age-period-cohort models. Many studies consider age- and period-specific rates in two or more strata defined by sex, race/ethnicity, etc. A comprehensive characterization of trends and patterns within each stratum can be obtained using age-period-cohort (APC) estimable functions (EF).

Smoothing Lexis diagrams using kernel functions: A contemporary approach.

Lexis diagrams are rectangular arrays of event rates indexed by age and period. Analysis of Lexis diagrams is a cornerstone of cancer surveillance research. Typically, population-based descriptive studies analyze multiple Lexis diagrams defined by sex, tumor characteristics, race/ethnicity, geographic region, etc.

Cancer survival in Africa, central and south America, and Asia (SURVCAN-3): a population-based benchmarking study in 32 countries.

Background: Population-based cancer survival is a key measurement of cancer control performance linked to diagnosis and treatment, but benchmarking studies that include lower-income settings and that link results to health systems and human development are scarce. SURVCAN-3 is an international collaboration of population-based cancer registries that aims to benchmark timely and comparable cancer survival estimates in Africa, central and south America, and Asia.

Methods: In SURVCAN-3, population-based cancer registries from Africa, central and south America, and Asia were invited to contribute data.

Trends in long-term cancer survival in Cali, Colombia: 1998-2017.

Background: Population-based cancer survival is an indicator of the effectiveness of cancer services that reflects the survival of all cancer patients in the population, regardless of socioeconomic status and disease characteristics.

Aim: Provision of an up-to-date survival estimate of patients recorded within Cali Population Cancer Registry (RPCC) in 1998-2017. As a second objective, results will be compared with those reported by the CONCORD study for cancers prioritized by the current Ten-Year Cancer Control Plan of Colombia, 2012-2021.

Impact of the Management and Proportion of Lost to Follow-Up Cases on Cancer Survival Estimates for Small Population-Based Cancer Registries.

Background: Estimation of survival requires follow-up of patients from diagnosis until death ensuring complete and good quality data. Many population-based cancer registries in low- and middle-income countries have difficulties linking registry data with regional or national vital statistics, increasing the chances of cases lost to follow-up. The impact of lost to follow-up cases on survival estimates from small population-based cancer registries (<500 cases) has been understudied, and bias could be larger than in larger registries.

A modeling analysis to compare eligibility strategies for lung cancer screening in Brazil.

Background: Country-specific evidence is needed to guide decisions regarding whether and how to implement lung cancer screening in different settings. For this study, we estimated the potential numbers of individuals screened and lung cancer deaths prevented in Brazil after applying different strategies to define screening eligibility.

Methods: We applied the Lung Cancer Death Risk Assessment Tool (LCDRAT) to survey data on current and former smokers (ever-smokers) in 15 Brazilian state capital cities that comprise 18% of the Brazilian population.

The hidden curve behind COVID-19 outbreak: the impact of delay in treatment initiation in cancer patients and how to mitigate the additional risk of dying-the head and neck cancer model.

Purpose: The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic around the world caused most healthcare services to turn substantial attention to treatment of these patients and also to alter the structure of healthcare systems to address an infectious disease. As a result, many cancer patients had their treatment deferred during the pandemic, increasing the time-to-treatment initiation, the number of untreated patients (which will alter the dynamics of healthcare delivery in the post-pandemic era) and increasing their risk of death. Hence, we analyzed the impact on global cancer mortality considering the decline in oncology care during the COVID-19 outbreak using head and neck cancer, a known time-dependent disease, as a model.

Thyroid cancer incidence trends by histology in 25 countries: a population-based study.

Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased in different populations worldwide in the past 30 years. We present here an overview of international trends of thyroid cancer incidence by major histological subtypes.

Methods: We did a population-based study with data for thyroid cancer incidence collected by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) for the period 1998-2012.

The world cancer patient population (WCPP): An updated standard for international comparisons of population-based survival.

Purpose: This study addresses the need for a global cancer patient-based standard population that adjusts for the expected age structure of different cancers, thus aiding the comparison of survival estimates worldwide.

Methods: Counts of age-specific incidence for 36 cancer sites in 185 countries for the year 2018 were extracted from IARC's GLOBOCAN database of national estimates. We used a multinomial mixture regression to identify clusters of cancer sites with similar age-specific profiles.

Cervical cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa by age, stage at diagnosis and Human Development Index: A population-based registry study.

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in African women. We sought to estimate population-based survival and evaluate excess hazards for mortality in African women with cervical cancer, examining the effects of country-level Human Development Index (HDI), age and stage at diagnosis. We selected a random sample of 2760 incident cervical cancer cases, diagnosed in 2005 to 2015 from 13 population-based cancer registries in 11 countries (Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe) through the African Cancer Registry Network.

Global patterns and trends in cancers of the lip, tongue and mouth.

Objectives: Global descriptions of international patterns and trends in oral cancer are informative in providing insight into the shifting epidemiologic patterns and the potential prevention of these tumours. We present global statistics on these cancers using the comprehensive set of national estimates and recorded data collated at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

Methods: The estimated number of lip and oral cavity cases and deaths in the 185 countries for the year 2018 was extracted from IARC's GLOBOCAN database of national estimates.

Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers in the Americas: Incidence and mortality patterns and trends.

Trends in gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality in populations across the Americas can provide insight into shifting epidemiologic patterns and the current and potential impact of preventative and curative programs. Estimates of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2018 were extracted from International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) GLOBOCAN database for 185 countries. Recorded registry-based incidence from 13 countries was extracted from IARCs Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series and corresponding national deaths from the WHO mortality database.

Incidence of Malignant Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors in Golestan, Iran, 2004-2013.

Background: Brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent almost 3% of all new cancer cases worldwide and comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. The aim of this study is to present the distribution and trends in brain and other CNS cancer incidence in Golestan, Iran during a 10-year period.

Methods: Data on primary brain and other CNS cancers diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 were obtained from the Golestan population-based cancer registry (GPCR) dataset.

Impact of universal health care and screening on incidence and survival of Thai women with cervical cancer: A population-based study of the Chiang Mai Province.

Universal Health Coverage (UHC) was implemented in Thailand in 2002. This study aims to compare cervical cancer incidence and survival before and after the implementation of UHC, including the national screening program, in the Chiang Mai population in Northern Thailand. Data of women diagnosed with in situ or malignant cervical cancer in Chiang Mai during 1998-2012 were used in our analysis.

The descriptive epidemiology of lung cancer and tobacco control: a global overview 2018.

Objective: To present the most recent national estimates of lung cancer burden globally in 185 countries and tobacco smoking prevalence (%) by sex.

Materials And Methods: Estimates of lung cancer incidence and mortality for 2018 were extracted from the Globocan database; observed incidence, from the last volume of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, and tobacco prevalence, from the World Health Observatory/WHO database.

Results: In 2018, over two million new lung cancer cases and 1.

Breast cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa by age, stage at diagnosis and human development index: A population-based registry study.

Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosis and second most common cause of cancer deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Yet, there are few population-level survival data from Africa and none on the survival differences by stage at diagnosis. Here, we estimate breast cancer survival within SSA by area, stage and country-level human development index (HDI).

Global patterns and trends in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Purpose: Despite an increasing understanding of the pathology and genetics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), global reports on variations in the incidence of NHL remain limited in their number and scope.

Methods: To provide a situation analysis, national incidence estimates for NHL in 185 countries for the year 2018 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database. We also used recorded incidence data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) plus for years of diagnosis 1980-2012 to examine temporal trends.

Trends and multiple causes of death due to chronic renal failure in a municipality in the Brazilian Amazon.

This study examined the mortality trend due to chronic renal failure (CRF) and verified the underlying and associated causes for this trend in the capital of the state of Acre in the Brazilian Amazon. This ecological study used data provided by DATASUS related to mortality due to CRF, which occurred between 1986 and 2012 for male and female residents of the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The estimated annual percentage chance (EAPC) was calculated by using Poisson log-linear regression and utilizing the Joinpoint program.

Thyroid Cancer Incidences From Selected South America Population-Based Cancer Registries: An Age-Period-Cohort Study.

Purpose: The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased substantially worldwide. However, there is a lack of knowledge about age-period-cohort (APC) effects on incidence rates in South American countries. This study describes the TC incidence trends and analyzes APC effects in Cali, Colombia; Costa Rica; Goiânia, Brazil; and Quito, Ecuador.

[Analysis of the age-period-cohort effect on mortality from colorectal cancer in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, from 1980 to 2014].

The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of the effect of age, period, and birth cohort on mortality from colorectal cancer. The study analyzed data on deaths from this cancer in individuals over 35 years of age in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM) from 1980 to 2014. Mortality rates were calculated by gender and age bracket.

Epidemiological patterns of leukaemia in 184 countries: a population-based study.

Background: Leukaemia is a heterogeneous group of haemopoietic cancers that comprises a number of diverse and biologically distinct subgroups. We examine the leukaemia burden worldwide and highlight the distinct incidence patterns in order to elucidate explanatory factors that may support preventive measures and health resource planning. We aimed to estimate the global burden of leukaemia incidence according to the four major subtypes stratified by age and sex.

Cancers of the brain and CNS: global patterns and trends in incidence.

Background: Cancers of the brain and CNS constitute a group of rare and heterogeneous tumors. Increasing incidence in Western populations has been linked to improvements in diagnostic technology, although interpretation is hampered by changes in diagnosis and reporting. The present study examines geographic and temporal variations in incidence rates of brain and CNS cancers worldwide.