The Ethanolic Extract of Polygala paniculata L. Blocks Panx1 Channels and Reduces Ischemic Brain Infarct in a Dose- and Sex-Dependent Way.

Polygala paniculata L. is a native plant from tropical America. The therapeutic potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of P.

Immunohistochemistry of resorption and inflammation factors in the periodontal ligament of human deciduous teeth.

The understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in root resorption in deciduous teeth is important to the future development of preventive measures and treatments of this condition. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression and immunostaining of iNOS, MMP-9, OPG and RANKL in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of deciduous teeth with physiologic root resorption (GI), inflammatory pathological root resorption (GII) and permanent teeth (GIII), the negative control. Teeth in GI (n = 10), GII (n = 10) and (GIII) (n = 10) were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of iNOS, MMP-9, OPG, and RANKL.

Worst spasticity in patients post-stroke associated with MNSOD ALA16VAL polymorphism and interleukin-1β.

The MnSOD Ala16Val single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has shown to be associated to risk factors of several metabolic and vascular diseases. However, little is known about interaction between MnSOD Ala16Val SNP in stroke, a frequent neurologic disease that involves clinic manifestations such as motor deficits and spasticity. In this sense, we decided to investigate the relationship between MnSOD Ala16Val SNP with spasticity in stroke and also its influence on interleukin levels, BDNF, and glycolipid parameters.

Preclinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Investigation of 5'-Methoxynobiletin from Ageratum conyzoides: In vivo and In silico Approaches.

Purpose: 5'-methoxynobiletin (5'-MeONB), a polymethoxyflavone isolated from A. conyzoides, has shown anti-inflammatory property. Nevertheless, the antinociceptive activity and pre-clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) characteristics of 5'-MeONB remain unknown.

Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Kidney Injury, Improves Physical Performance, and Increases Antioxidant Defenses in Lungs of Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mice.

The association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and pulmonary pathophysiological changes is well stablished. Nevertheless, the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on lungs of CKD need further clarification. Thus, Swiss mice were divided in control, AE, CKD, and CKD + AE groups.

Simple and fast UPLC-MS method for quantifying the anti-inflammatory candidate 5'-methoxynobiletin in rat plasma: Validation and application in a preliminary pharmacokinetic study.

This study presents the development and validation of a fast and simple bioanalytical ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method intended for quantifying the anti-inflammatory candidate 5'-methoxynobiletin (5'-MeONB) in rat plasma. Standard of 5'-MeONB was purified from A. conyzoides extract by using preparative HPLC.

Mood disorders are associated with the reduction of brain derived neurotrophic factor in the hypocampus in rats submitted to the hipercaloric diet.

Adipose tissue accumulation, resulting from the consumption of hypercaloric foods, can cause a dysfunction of the endocrine system. Such endocrine changes can influence the expression of various neurochemicals including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - associated with cognitive and emotional problems. Here, we investigated the effects of a hypercaloric diet on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in young rats along with concomitant changes in BDNF expression levels in the hippocampus.

(Vell.) Stellfeld Alleviates Acute Pain and Inflammation: Potential Mechanisms of Action.

(Vell.) Stellfeld (Fabaceae) known in Brazil as "jacaranda de espinho" or "espinheira santa nativa" is a medicinal plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat ulcers, cough and diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from M.

Prebiotics may reduce serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and ghrelin in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Biochemical markers correlate positively with the development and severity of obesity, depression, and anxiety, and can be modulated by changes in intestinal microbiota composition.

Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of prebiotics or synbiotics on blood biomarkers of obesity, depression, and anxiety (including: ACTH [adrenocorticotropic hormone], cortisol, leptin, ghrelin, TSH [thyroid-stimulating hormone], PTH [parathyroid hormone], vitamin D, BDNF [brain-derived neurotrophic factor], and PCR [polymerase chain reaction]) in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched, along with the reference lists of included articles.

Functional Recovery Occurs Even After Partial Remyelination of Axon-Meshed Median and Ulnar Nerves in Mice.

Upper limb nerve injuries are common, and their treatment poses a challenge for physicians and surgeons. Experimental models help in minimum exploration of the functional characteristics of peripheral nerve injuries of forelimbs. This study was conducted to characterize the functional recovery (1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days) after median and ulnar nerve crush in mice and analyze the histological and biochemical markers of nerve regeneration (after 21 days).

Pulmonary and muscle profile in pneumosepsis: A temporal analysis of inflammatory markers.

In sepsis, greater understanding of the inflammatory mechanism involved would provide insights into the condition and into its extension to the muscular apparatus in critically ill patients. Therefore, this study evaluates the inflammatory profile of pneumosepsis induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.p.

Sulfonyl(thio)urea derivative induction of insulin secretion is mediated by potassium, calcium, and sodium channel signal transduction.

Aim: To investigate the mechanism of action of sulfonyl(thio)urea derivative (SD) on glycemia and on insulin secretion in pancreatic islets.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided into hyperglycemic control group, rats received 4 g/kg body weight glucose plus sitagliptin 10 mg/kg (p.o.

Behavioural, metabolic and neurochemical effects of environmental enrichment in high-fat cholesterol-enriched diet-fed mice.

While chronic high-fat feeding has long been associated with the rising incidence of obesity/type 2 diabetes, recent evidence has established that it is also associated with deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory. In this regard, environmental enrichment (EE) is an animal housing technique composed of increased space, physical activity, and social interactions, which in turn increases sensory, cognitive, motor, and social stimulation. EE leads to improved cerebral health as defined by increased neurogenesis, enhanced learning and memory and resistance to external cerebral insults.

Root bark of Discaria americana attenuates pain: A pharmacological evidence of interaction with opioidergic system and TRP/ASIC channels.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Discaria americana (Rhamnaceae) root bark infusion have been used in traditional medicine as antipyretic, tonic, ameliorative of stomach and skin diseases and diabetes. This study was designed to investigate whether the methanolic extract of the root bark of Discaria americana (MEDa) exhibits antinociceptive effects in mice. Furthermore, it was investigated the involvement of the opioidergic system in MEDa mechanism of action as well the interactions with TRP/ASIC channels in its effect.

The effectiveness of dry needling for patients with orofacial pain associated with temporomandibular dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Orofacial pain of myofascial origin is often associated with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, affects chewing muscles and may lead to functional limitations. Dry needling is an intervention commonly used for inactivating myofascial pain trigger points.

Objective: To systematically review the effects of dry needling on orofacial pain of myofascial origin in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Ammonia role in glial dysfunction in methylmalonic acidemia.

Hyperammonemia is a common finding in patients with methylmalonic acidemia. However, its contribution to methylmalonate (MMA)-induced neurotoxicity is poorly understood. The aim of this study was evaluate whether an acute metabolic damage to brain during the neonatal period may disrupt cerebral development, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders, as memory deficit.

Neurobiological mechanisms of antiallodynic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in a mice model of neuropathic pain.

Background: Neuropathic pain is relatively common and occurs in approximately 6-8% of the population. It is associated with allodynia and hyperalgesia. Thus, non-pharmacological treatments, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may be useful for relieving pain.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Antinociceptive, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Four Amazonian Byrsonima Species.

Species of the Byrsonima genus are widely used in Brazil, especially for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. However, species from the Amazonian region are still poorly studied. Thus, we studied the antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of for Amazonian species, Byrsonima crispa, Byrsonima duckeana, Byrsonima garcibarrigae, and Byrsonima incarnata.

Methylmalonate Induces Inflammatory and Apoptotic Potential: A Link to Glial Activation and Neurological Dysfunction.

Methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulates in tissues in methylmalonic acidemia, a heterogeneous group of inherited childhood diseases characterized by neurological dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation; it is associated with degeneration of striatal neurons and cerebral cortical atrophy. It is presently unknown, however, whether transient exposure to MMA in the neonatal period is sufficient to trigger inflammatory and apoptotic processes that lead to brain structural damage. Here, newborn mice were given a single intracerebroventricular dose of MMA at 12 hours after birth.

Aerobic Exercise Decreases Lung Inflammation by IgE Decrement in an OVA Mice Model.

Aerobic exercise (AE) reduces lung function decline and risk of exacerbations in asthmatic patients. However, the inflammatory lung response involved in exercise during the sensitization remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of exercise for 2 weeks in an experimental model of sensitization and single ovalbumin-challenge.

Antidepressant-like effect of pramipexole in an inflammatory model of depression.

Pramipexole (PPX), a dopamine D2/3 receptor preferring agonist, is currently in use for the treatment of Parkinson's disease symptoms and restless legs syndrome. Recently, anti-inflammatory properties of PPX have been shown in an autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis, and case reports indicate PPX ameliorates depressive symptoms. Since peripheral inflammation is known to induce depression-like behavior in rodents, we assessed the potential antidepressant effect of PPX in an inflammatory model of depression induced by LPS.

Analysis of Bone Repair and Inflammatory Process Caused by Simvastatin Combined With PLGA+HA+βTCP Scaffold.

Purpose: This study evaluated the tissue and inflammatory responses to the use of simvastatin and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) + hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA+HA+βTCP) scaffold for bone repair.

Materials And Methods: Two defects of 5 mm in diameter were made in the calvaria of rats, which were shared into the following 6 groups: naive, sham, vehicle, PLGA+HA+βTCP scaffold, simvastatin (4 mg/mL), and simvastatin with the scaffold. Tissue samples were collected at 1, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery.

Acute effect of 3β-hidroxihop-22(29)ene on insulin secretion is mediated by GLP-1, potassium and calcium channels for the glucose homeostasis.

The effect of 3β-hidroxihop-22(29)ene (3-BHO) on insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion as well as the mechanism of action of the compound in pancreatic islet on glucose homeostasis was investigated. The data from in vivo treatment show that 3-BHO significantly reduces the hyperglycemia by increasing the insulin and GLP-1 secretion, as well as by accumulating hepatic glycogen in hyperglycemic rats. In rat pancreatic β-cell, 3-BHO stimulates the glucose uptake, insulin vesicles translocation to the plasma membrane and thus the insulin secretion through the involvement of potassium channels (ATP- and Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels) and calcium channels (L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-VDCC)).

The IBB forelimb scale as a tool to assess functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury in mice.

Background: This study was conducted to test whether the IBB Forelimb Scale (Irvine et al., 2010) which was originally developed for rats with spinal cord injury, is also capable of measuring the functional performance of Swiss mice with lesions of the median and ulnar nerves inflicted via crushing with standardized strength.

New Method: This test was performed at days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 21 after surgery and each animal gives a score of 9, where 0 represented the worst functionality and 9 represented the habitual behavior.

Neuroprotective effect of the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction in experimental model of spinal cord injury.

Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the effect of the proanthocyanidins-rich fraction (PRF) obtained from Croton celtidifolius bark in an experimental animal model of spinal cord injury and cell death induced by glutamate.

Methods: Experiments were conducted using adult male Wistar rats (10 weeks old and weighing 270-300g). Experimental groups were randomly allocated into the following groups: spinal cord injury (SCI) + vehicle group: rats were subjected to SCI plus intraperitoneal administration of vehicle (saline 10 ml/kg); SCI + PRF: rats were subjected to SCI plus intraperitoneal administration of PRF (10 mg/kg) at 1 and 6 h after injury and sham operated.