Treating the Latin American Aesthetic Patient: A Review.

The rich and diverse heritage of Latin American people contributes to a large variety of physical features, which translates to a patient population with a range of motivations for seeking cosmetic procedures and unique perspectives that influence their aesthetic preferences. As there is no one standard of beauty, it is important for physicians to understand the various factors that influence their patients' perceptions of beauty and desires to seek cosmetic treatment, especially because patient preference may differ from the physician perspective. Physicians in Latin America must consider the demographic, ethnic, and cultural factors that influence their patients to ensure culturally sensitive treatment approaches, natural-looking results, and patient satisfaction.

Efficacy and Tolerability of Hyperdiluted Calcium Hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) for Neck Rejuvenation: Clinical and Ultrasonographic Assessment.

Background: The subdermal injection of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) can improve the mechanical properties of the skin, providing immediate correction and stimulating the endogenous production of collagen, elastin, angiogenesis, and dermal cell proliferation; however, few studies have examined the neck region.

Purpose: This study assessed the clinical and ultrasonographic improvement induced by two sessions of subdermal injection of hyperdiluted (1:4) CaHA for neck rejuvenation in 22 women.

Patients And Methods: A quasi-experimental longitudinal trial (before and after) was performed by enrolling 22 adult women with mild and moderate neck aging (grades 1 and 2) on Merz Neck Volume Scale at rest (laxity) and Neck Horizontal Lines.

Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Two Injection Techniques of IncobotulinumtoxinA for Axillary Hyperhidrosis.

Background: Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is an effective treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis (AH) typically applied by multiple injection punctures. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of two BoNT-A injection techniques for AH. Methods: Randomized, evaluator-blinded trial, in which each axilla of the same patient received 50 U of incobotulinumtoxin A (IncoA; Xeomin), one injected intradermally using multiple punctures, the other subcutaneously by radial approach.

Global Aesthetics Consensus: Avoidance and Management of Complications from Hyaluronic Acid Fillers-Evidence- and Opinion-Based Review and Consensus Recommendations.

Background: Although the safety profile of hyaluronic acid fillers is favorable, adverse reactions can occur. Clinicians and patients can benefit from ongoing guidance on adverse reactions to hyaluronic acid fillers and their management.

Methods: A multinational, multidisciplinary group of experts in cosmetic medicine convened the Global Aesthetics Consensus Group to review the properties and clinical uses of Hylacross and Vycross hyaluronic acid products and develop updated consensus recommendations for early and late complications associated with hyaluronic acid fillers.

Global Aesthetics Consensus: Hyaluronic Acid Fillers and Botulinum Toxin Type A-Recommendations for Combined Treatment and Optimizing Outcomes in Diverse Patient Populations.

Background: Combination of fillers and botulinum toxin for aesthetic applications is increasingly popular. Patient demographics continue to diversify, and include an expanding population receiving maintenance treatments over decades.

Methods: A multinational panel of plastic surgeons and dermatologists convened the Global Aesthetics Consensus Group to develop updated guidelines with a worldwide perspective for hyaluronic acid fillers and botulinum toxin.

Global Aesthetics Consensus: Botulinum Toxin Type A--Evidence-Based Review, Emerging Concepts, and Consensus Recommendations for Aesthetic Use, Including Updates on Complications.

Background: Botulinum toxin type A injection remains the leading nonsurgical cosmetic procedure worldwide, with a high rate of efficacy and patient satisfaction.

Methods: A multinational, multidisciplinary group of plastic surgeons and dermatologists convened the Global Aesthetics Consensus Group to develop updated consensus recommendations with a worldwide perspective for botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid fillers. This publication on botulinum toxin type A considers advances in facial analysis, injection techniques, and avoidance and management of complications.

Evolution of Facial Aesthetic Treatment Over Five or More Years: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Analysis of Continuous OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment.

Background: Little information exists on how facial aesthetic treatments are incorporated into aesthetic regimens.

Objective: Assess the evolution of facial aesthetic treatments in patients receiving long-term continuous onabotulinumtoxinA treatment.

Methods: This international retrospective chart review included patients with ≥5 years of continuous onabotulinumtoxinA treatments including ≥1 glabellar lines treatment/year.

The convergence of medicine and neurotoxins: a focus on botulinum toxin type A and its application in aesthetic medicine--a global, evidence-based botulinum toxin consensus education initiative: part II: incorporating botulinum toxin into aesthetic clinical practice.

Background: The new world of safe aesthetic injectables has become increasingly popular with patients. Not only is there less risk than with surgery, but there is also significantly less downtime to interfere with patients' normal work and social schedules. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) type A (BoNTA) is an indispensable tool used in aesthetic medicine, and its broad appeal has made it a hallmark of modern culture.

Glabellar contraction patterns: a tool to optimize botulinum toxin treatment.

Background: Botulinum toxin is a well-established treatment for dynamic glabellar lines. A previous study evaluated the existence of glabellar contraction "patterns," according to the predominance of eyebrow approximation, depression, or elevation movements, namely "U," "V," "convergent arrows," "omega," and "inverted omega."

Objectives: To confirm contraction patterns in the adult population for a better treatment approach and to verify whether changes occur after repeated treatment.

Handling botulinum toxins: an updated literature review.

Background: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been in use since the late 1970s, and over the last 20 years, its use has been extended to new indications in various areas of medicine. During these years of clinical use, some of the initial ideas have changed, and others have remained stable along with increasing experience with and knowledge about BoNTs.

Objective: To review the literature and prescribing information on all of the available products and to update the concept of handling toxins (preparations, reconstitution, storage, sterility, and dilution).

Botulinum toxin A adjunctive use in manual chemabrasion: controlled long-term study for treatment of upper perioral vertical wrinkles.

Background: The treatment of perioral vertical wrinkles is a very common request from female patients as of their 40th decade of life. Actinic damage, cigarette smoking, loss of deep structures volume, sleep positions, orthodontic deformities, and dynamic components have been thought to cause this aesthetic problem.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the combination of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) pretreatment of the orbicularis oris muscle with manual chemabrasion to increase its clinical efficacy in the therapy of upper perioral vertical rhytides.

Pilot study comparing the diffusion of two formulations of botulinum toxin type A in patients with forehead hyperhidrosis.

Background: Different formulations of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) may have different diffusion characteristics.

Objective: The objective was to compare the diffusion characteristics of two formulations of BoNTA.

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 patients with forehead hyperhidrosis received four injections of BoNTA in their forehead (one medial and lateral injection of one formulation randomly assigned to one forehead side, one medial and lateral injection of the other formulation to the other forehead side).

Treatment of transverse overcurvature of the nail with a plastic device: measurement of response.

Background: Transverse overcurvature of the nail is a painful condition that has been treated by conservative and/or surgical methods.

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of a plastic device for treatment of transverse overcurvature of the nail and to use a practical method (plaster mold) to evaluate follow-up of nail widening during and after treatment.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with transverse overcurvature of the nail were treated with placement of a plastic device.

Surgical treatment of facial acne scars based on morphologic classification: a Brazilian experience.

Background: Acne scar treatment remains a challenge in the medical literature. It is very difficult to compare the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches because of the lack of consensus regarding acne scar description and classification.

Objective: To establish a morphologic classification of acne scars and to assess the efficacy of different therapeutic options based on scar type.

Foam during reconstitution does not affect the potency of botulinum toxin type A.

Background: Among factors that may affect the potency of botulinum toxin A (Botox), it is said that foam, together with bubbles, may cause surface denaturation of the toxin.

Objective: To determine whether the muscle relaxation effect of Botox is preserved and has the same duration when it is reconstituted in the presence of foam.

Methods: Six female volunteers, aged 42 to 56 years old, were treated for glabellar and periocular wrinkles.