Advancement in biomedical implant materials-a mini review.

Metal alloys like stainless steel, titanium, and cobalt-chromium alloys are preferable for bio-implants due to their exceptional strength, tribological properties, and biocompatibility. However, long-term implantation of metal alloys can lead to inflammation, swelling, and itching because of ion leaching. To address this issue, polymers are increasingly being utilized in orthopedic applications, replacing metallic components such as bone fixation plates, screws, and scaffolds, as well as minimizing metal-on-metal contact in total hip and knee joint replacements.

Work of Eels Setting a Dilemma for Forensic Pathologist: A Case Report.

After the death of an individual, the body may be affected by various natural processes, including the effects of environmental factors and predation by micro-organisms and macro-organisms, which can produce a variety of artifacts. These artifacts can then pose a challenge to forensic personnel, such as whether such activity was antemortem or postmortem in nature and, if antemortem, whether such animal activities contributed to the death of an individual. This case report is a rare example of an interesting postmortem artifact of the presence of moray eels within a corpse.

Intestinal neuropod cell GUCY2C regulates visceral pain.

Visceral pain (VP) is a global problem with complex etiologies and limited therapeutic options. Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), an intestinal receptor producing cyclic GMP(cGMP), which regulates luminal fluid secretion, has emerged as a therapeutic target for VP. Indeed, FDA-approved GUCY2C agonists ameliorate VP in patients with chronic constipation syndromes, although analgesic mechanisms remain obscure.

Dietary self-management practices among persons with T2DM: An exploratory qualitative study from western-coast of India.

Background: Diabetes is a significant public health challenge for India. Self-management, including dietary management, physical activity, stress management, and adherence to medication, is critical in glycaemic control. Though data concerning self-management, in general, are available among persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), exclusive research on dietary self-management was limited.

Universality of local weak interactions and its application for interferometric alignment.

The modification of the effect of interactions of a particle as a function of its preselected and postselected states is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The universality property of this modification in the case of local interactions of a spatially preselected and postselected particle has been found. It allowed us to define an operational approach for the characterization of the presence of a quantum particle in a particular place: the way it modifies the effect of local interactions.

Protective effect of Abutilon indicum against lead-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats.

Despite ample literature on the toxic impact of lead on the environment and health, the exact mechanism of pathogenesis/toxicity is not clearly known. Because it is well established that lead induces oxidative stress, it is assumed that exposure to antioxidants may reduce the toxic impact of lead. In this study, we evaluated the impact of coadministration of the methanolic root extract of a plant Abutilon indicum (50, 100, 200 mg kg b.

Mobilization of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells for Autologous Transplantation Using Pegfilgrastim and Plerixafor: Efficacy and Cost Implications.

Filgrastim (FIL) is the most common growth factor combined with plerixafor for autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization, but requires daily, multi-injection administration. We adopted a standardized mobilization regimen with pegfilgrastim (PEG) and upfront plerixafor, allowing for a single injection given the long half-life and slow elimination of PEG. Between 2015 and 2017, a total of 235 patients with lymphoma or plasma cell dyscrasias underwent mobilization with PEG 6 mg on day 1 and upfront plerixafor 24 mg on day 3, followed by apheresis on day 4 regardless of peripheral blood CD34 cells.

Anomalous Diffraction in Cold Magnetized Plasma.

Cold magnetized plasma possesses an anisotropic permittivity tensor with a unique dispersion relation that for adequate electron density and magnetic field results in anomalous diffraction of a right-hand circularly polarized beam. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally anomalous diffraction of a microwave beam in plasma. Additionally, decreasing the electron density enables observation of the transition of the material from a hyperbolic to a standard material.

Asking photons where they have been.

We present surprising experimental evidence regarding the past of photons passing through an interferometer. The information about the positions through which the photons pass in the interferometer is retrieved from modulations of the detected signal at the vibration frequencies of mirrors the photons bounce off. From the analysis we conclude that the past of the photons is not represented by continuous trajectories, although a "common sense" analysis adopted in various welcher weg measurements, delayed-choice which-path experiments, and counterfactual communication demonstrations yields a single trajectory.

Single-pulse magneto-optic microscopy: a new tool for studying optically induced magnetization reversals.

We have developed a femtosecond magneto-optical imaging system that allows measurements of permanent magnetic effects that are initiated by a single excitation pulse. The system combines a subpicosecond temporal resolution and a high spatial resolution. We demonstrate the system in an experiment that studies the laser-induced magnetization reversal in ferromagnetic thin films.

Trapping dynamics in nonlinear wave scattering by local guiding defects.

We study numerically the trapping dynamics of nonlinear waves scattered by local guiding photonic centers with normal eigenmodes which are embedded in uniform nonlinear Kerr waveguides. The linear and nonlinear scattering from a local defect may be treated from either a wave optics approach or a ray optics approach. The former provides a better understanding of the wave dynamics while the latter enables one to perform quasi-analytical estimates of the extent of trapping in a given structure.

Power-dependent switching of nonlinear trapping by local photonic potentials.

We study experimentally and numerically the nonlinear scattering of wave packets by local multisite guiding centers embedded in a continuous dielectric medium as a function of the input power and angle of incidence. The extent of trapping into the linear modes of different sites is manipulated as a function of both the input power and the angle of incidence, demonstrating power-controlled switching of nonlinear trapping by local photonic potentials.

Nonlinear scattering and trapping by local photonic potentials.

We experimentally study the nonlinear scattering by local photonic structures embedded in continuous Kerr media and demonstrate nonlinear trapping in guiding structures and resonant transmission in antiguiding structures. An intuitive physical picture is presented and verified in simulations.

Single beam mapping of nonlinear phase shift profiles in planar waveguides with an embedded mirror.

We demonstrate a technique for a single shot mapping of nonlinear phase shift profiles in spatial solitons that are formed during short pulse propagation through one-dimensional slab AlGaAs waveguides, in the presence of a focusing Kerr nonlinearity. The technique uses a single beam and relies on the introduction of a lithographically etched reflective planar mirror surface positioned in proximity to the beam's input position. Using this setup we demonstrate nonlinearity-induced sharp lateral phase variations for certain initial conditions, and creation of higher spatial harmonics when the beam is in close proximity to the mirror.

Raman-induced localization in Kerr waveguide arrays.

We show that during the spatiotemporal compression in a periodic Kerr waveguide array, stimulated Raman scattering can effectively balance the effects of self-phase modulation, diffraction, and group-velocity dispersion, eliminating collapse and breakup over a wide range of input powers and leading to stable propagation in a single site.

Interaction-induced localization of anomalously diffracting nonlinear waves.

We study experimentally the interactions between normal solitons and tilted beams in glass waveguide arrays. We find that as a tilted beam, traversing away from a normally propagating soliton, coincides with the self-defocusing regime of the array, it can be refocused and routed back into any of the intermediate sites due to the interaction, as a function of the initial phase difference. Numerically, distinct parameter regimes exhibiting this behavior of the interaction are identified.

Near-field imaging of nonlinear pulse propagation in planar silica waveguides.

A simplified near-field scanning optical microscope is employed to image the propagation of short laser pulses in planar silica waveguides, in the anomalous dispersion regime, under varying conditions of input beam power and width. Our results show a complex evolution of the transverse intensity profiles of the beam when there is a pronounced difference between the input diffraction and dispersion lengths. Numerical simulations confirm that these complex spatial dynamics are intimately related to the temporal and spectral evolution of the pulse.

Strong spatiotemporal localization in a silica nonlinear waveguide array.

We investigate the propagation of short, intense laser pulses in arrays of coupled silica waveguides, in the anomalous dispersion regime. The nonlinearity induces trapping of the pulse in a single waveguide, over a wide range of input parameters. A sharp transition is observed for single waveguide excitation, from strong diffraction at low powers to strong localization at high powers.

PM(10) and its impacts on health - a case study in Mumbai.

Air pollution in urban areas is a major health concern. Air pollution in cities has been linked to increased rates of mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries. There is consistent evidence that the levels of fine particulate matter in the air are associated with risk of death from all causes of cardiovascular and respiratory illness.

Kerr spatiotemporal self-focusing in a planar glass waveguide.

We observed simultaneous focusing in both space and time for light pulses propagating in a planar waveguide. In particular, 60 fs pulses with a width of 170 microm were injected into a planar glass waveguide in the anomalous dispersion regime. Output pulses as short as 30 fs and as narrow as 20 microm were measured.