The unnatural history of pulmonary stenosis up to 40 years after surgical repair.

Objective: To provide prospective information on long-term outcome after surgical correction of valvular pulmonary stenosis (PS).

Methods: Fifty-three consecutive patients operated for PS during childhood between 1968 and 1980 in one centre are followed longitudinally for 37±3.4 years, including extensive in-hospital examination every 10 years.

Low molecular starch versus gelatin plasma expander during CPB: does it make a difference?

Background: Non-protein plasma expanders carry a risk of potentially severe allergic reactions. As prime for cardiopulmonary bypass, we routinely use a gelatin plasma expander. Plasma expanding during anesthesia is achieved with high molecular starch (200/0.