Development, Implementation, and Formative Evaluation of a Social Needs Screening Tool.

We aim to develop and formatively evaluate a brief social needs screening tool that adheres to Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) clinical service standards for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) agencies and is acceptable and feasible for use by staff during a clinical encounter. Through a multi-stage literature and expert review process, we developed an evidence-informed, two-page social needs screening tool, scoring form, and implementation guide. We piloted this tool at three SRH agencies in Massachusetts and recruited staff to provide quantitative and qualitative feedback through post-pilot test self-reported surveys and semi-structured interviews.

Collateral sensitivity increases the efficacy of a rationally designed bacteriophage combination to control .

The ability of virulent bacteriophages to lyse bacteria influences bacterial evolution, fitness, and population structure. Knowledge of both host susceptibility and resistance factors is crucial for the successful application of bacteriophages as biological control agents in clinical therapy, food processing, and agriculture. In this study, we isolated 12 bacteriophages termed SPLA phage which infect the foodborne pathogen .

Breastfeeding and Hormonal Contraception: A Scoping Review of Clinical Guidelines, Professional Association Recommendations, and the Literature.

Postpartum contraceptive use can help prevent short-interval pregnancies, which have been associated with adverse neonatal and maternal health outcomes. Many contraceptive methods are safe for postpartum use, but patients and providers may be confused as to what impact hormonal contraception has on lactation. We performed a scoping review of the most recent U.

Strain and serovar variants of Salmonella enterica exhibit diverse tolerance to food chain-related stress.

Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) continues to be a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Food manufacturers implement hurdle technology by combining more than one approach to control food safety and quality, including preservatives such as organic acids, refrigeration, and heating. We assessed the variation in survival in stresses of genotypically diverse isolates of Salmonella enterica to identify genotypes with potential elevated risk to sub-optimal processing or cooking.

Increased phage resistance through lysogenic conversion accompanying emergence of monophasic Typhimurium ST34 pandemic strain.

serovar Typhimurium (. Typhimurium) comprises a group of closely related human and animal pathogens that account for a large proportion of all infections globally. The epidemiological record of .

Recovering the regenerative potential in chronically injured nerves by using conditioning electrical stimulation.

Objective: Chronically injured nerves pose a significant clinical challenge despite surgical management. There is no clinically feasible perioperative technique to upregulate a proregenerative environment in a chronic nerve injury. Conditioning electrical stimulation (CES) significantly improves sensorimotor recovery following acute nerve injury to the tibial and common fibular nerves.

Does polycentricity fit? Linking social fit with polycentric governance in a large-scale marine protected area.

Scholars have theorized that polycentricity may produce benefits that promote effective, sustainable governance of complex social-ecological systems. Yet, little empirical research exists exploring whether and how these benefits emerge and what additional outcomes polycentric governance systems produce. This paper presents an empirical examination of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM), one of the longest-standing and largest marine protected areas in the world.

Whole-genome epidemiology links phage-mediated acquisition of a virulence gene to the clonal expansion of a pandemic serovar Typhimurium clone.

Epidemic and pandemic clones of bacterial pathogens with distinct characteristics continually emerge, replacing those previously dominant through mechanisms that remain poorly characterized. Here, whole-genome-sequencing-powered epidemiology linked horizontal transfer of a virulence gene, , to the emergence and clonal expansion of a new epidemic serovar Typhimurium (. Typhimurium) clone.

Identification of 31 loci for mammographic density phenotypes and their associations with breast cancer risk.

Mammographic density (MD) phenotypes are strongly associated with breast cancer risk and highly heritable. In this GWAS meta-analysis of 24,192 women, we identify 31 MD loci at P < 5 × 10, tripling the number known to 46. Seventeen identified MD loci also are associated with breast cancer risk in an independent meta-analysis (P < 0.

Stakeholder perspectives on large-scale marine protected areas.

Large-scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs), MPAs greater than 100,000km2, have proliferated in the past decade. However, the value of LSMPAs as conservation tools is debated, in both global scientific and policy venues as well as in particular sites. To add nuance and more diverse voices to this debate, this research examines the perspectives of stakeholders directly engaged with LSMPAs.

Conditioning Electrical Stimulation Is Superior to Postoperative Electrical Stimulation in Enhanced Regeneration and Functional Recovery Following Nerve Graft Repair.

. Autologous nerve graft is the most common clinical intervention for repairing a nerve gap. However, its regenerative capacity is decreased in part because, unlike a primary repair, the regenerating axons must traverse 2 repair sites.

Preventive antibiotic treatment of calves: emergence of dysbiosis causing propagation of obese state-associated and mobile multidrug resistance-carrying bacteria.

In agriculture, antibiotics are used for the treatment and prevention of livestock disease. Antibiotics perturb the bacterial gut composition but the extent of these changes and potential consequences for animal and human health is still debated. Six calves were housed in a controlled environment.

Practical, corrected Kirkpatrick-Baez telescope for x-ray astronomy.

Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) optics offer a means of imaging soft x-rays with modest resolution and a multi-arc-minute field of view at a cost far below the conventional Wolter design. Such a low-cost system could be useful for dedicated, long-time-line observation of astronomical x-ray sources from orbit. A K-B telescope consists of crossed arrays of parabolic mirrors at grazing incidence.

Effects of Vocal Training on Students' Voices in a Professional Drama School.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vocal training on acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of student actors' voices.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary medical facility speech and swallow center.

Reproductive Factors and Mammographic Density: Associations Among 24,840 Women and Comparison of Studies Using Digitized Film-Screen Mammography and Full-Field Digital Mammography.

Breast density is a modifiable factor that is strongly associated with breast cancer risk. We sought to understand the influence of newer technologies of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) on breast density research and to determine whether results are comparable across studies using FFDM and previous studies using traditional film-screen mammography. We studied 24,840 screening-age (40-74 years) non-Hispanic white women who were participants in the Research Program on Genes, Environment and Health of Kaiser Permanente Northern California and underwent screening mammography with either Hologic (Hologic, Inc.

Feasibility of analyzing DNA copy number variation in breast cancer tumor specimens from 1950 to 2010: how old is too old?

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of quantifying long-term trends in breast tumor DNA copy number variation (CNV) profiles.

Methods: We evaluated CNV profiles in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens from 30 randomly selected Kaiser Permanente Northern California health plan women members diagnosed with breast cancer from 1950 to 2010. Assays were conducted for five cases per decade who had available tumor blocks and pathology reports.

Age at Menarche and Late Adolescent Adiposity Associated with Mammographic Density on Processed Digital Mammograms in 24,840 Women.

High mammographic density is strongly associated with increased breast cancer risk. Some, but not all, risk factors for breast cancer are also associated with higher mammographic density. The study cohort ( = 24,840) was drawn from the Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health of Kaiser Permanente Northern California and included non-Hispanic white females ages 40 to 74 years with a full-field digital mammogram (FFDM).

On-Orbit Performance and Calibration of the Soft X-Ray Telescope on .

This paper documents details of the on-orbit performance, data problem solving, and calibration of the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) experiment on . This information is important to a full understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the SXT data set. The paper begins with summaries of SXT calibration issues and how they have been addressed, operational anomalies experienced during the mission, and a brief discussion of the SXT optical train.

Characteristics of second breast events among women treated with breast-conserving surgery for DCIS in the community.

We examined the clinical/pathologic features of ipsilateral second breast cancers (IP-SBCs) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for DCIS among community-treated patients and ascertained the degree of correlation between the features of index DCIS and IP-SBC events. From a Cancer Research Network cohort of DCIS patients diagnosed 1990-2001 and treated with BCS, we identified women who subsequently developed an ipsilateral DCIS or invasive breast cancer. All index DCIS tumors underwent expert pathology review.

Analyzing historical trends in breast cancer biomarker expression: a feasibility study (1947-2009).

Background/objectives: Determining long-term trends in tumor biomarker expression is essential for understanding aspects of tumor biology amenable to change. Limiting the availability of such data, currently used assays for biomarkers are relatively new. For example, assays for the estrogen receptor (ER), which are the oldest, extend back only to the 1970s.

Diagnostic value of radiological imaging pre- and post-drainage of pleural effusions.

Patients with an unexplained pleural effusion often require urgent investigation. Clinical practice varies due to uncertainty as to whether an effusion should be drained completely before diagnostic imaging. We performed a retrospective study of patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy for an unexplained effusion.

Characterization and treatment of local recurrence following breast conservation for ductal carcinoma in situ.

Purpose: The optimal treatment strategy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) continues to evolve and should consider the consequences of initial treatment on the likelihood, type, and treatment of recurrences.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using two data sources of patients who experienced a recurrence (DCIS or invasive cancer) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for index DCIS: patients with an index DCIS diagnosed from 1997 to 2008 at the academic institutions of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN; N = 88) and patients with an index DCIS diagnosed from 1990 to 2001 at community-based integrated healthcare delivery sites of the Health Maintenance Organization Cancer Research Network (CRN) (N = 182).

Results: Just under half of local recurrences in both cohorts were invasive cancer.