Therapeutic efficacy of JNJ-49214698, an RSV fusion inhibitor, in RSV-infected neonatal lambs.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory infection, hospitalization and death in infants worldwide. No fully effective RSV therapy using direct antivirals is marketed. Since clinical efficacy data from naturally infected patients for such antivirals are not available yet, animal studies are indispensable to predict therapeutic intervention.

A framework for understanding collective microbiome metabolism.

Microbiome metabolism underlies numerous vital ecosystem functions. Individual microbiome members often perform partial catabolism of substrates or do not express all of the metabolic functions required for growth. Microbiome members can complement each other by exchanging metabolic intermediates and cellular building blocks to achieve a collective metabolism.

Deep learning for 3D vascular segmentation in hierarchical phase contrast tomography: a case study on kidney.

Automated blood vessel segmentation is critical for biomedical image analysis, as vessel morphology changes are associated with numerous pathologies. Still, precise segmentation is difficult due to the complexity of vascular structures, anatomical variations across patients, the scarcity of annotated public datasets, and the quality of images. Our goal is to provide a foundation on the topic and identify a robust baseline model for application to vascular segmentation using a new imaging modality, Hierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography (HiP-CT).

Chemically Stable Group IV-V Transition Metal Carbide Thin Films in Hydrogen Radical Environments.

Hydrogen is a crucial element in the green energy transition. However, its tendency to react with and diffuse into surrounding materials poses a significant challenge. Therefore, developing coatings to protect system components in hydrogen environments (molecular, radicals (H*), and plasma) is essential.

Quantitative, real-time imaging of spreading depolarization-associated neuronal ROS production.

Spreading depolarization (SD) causes a massive neuronal/glial depolarization, disturbs ionic homeostasis and deranges neuronal network function. The metabolic burden imposed by SD may also generate marked amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Yet, proper optical tools are required to study this aspect with spatiotemporal detail.

Polysaccharide breakdown products drive degradation-dispersal cycles of foraging bacteria through changes in metabolism and motility.

Most of Earth's biomass is composed of polysaccharides. During biomass decomposition, polysaccharides are degraded by heterotrophic bacteria as a nutrient and energy source and are thereby partly remineralized into CO. As polysaccharides are heterogeneously distributed in nature, following the colonization and degradation of a polysaccharide hotspot the cells need to reach new polysaccharide hotspots.

Formative key feature examinations as innovative teaching approach in dental education: A project report.

Introduction: Clinical reasoning ability is one of the core competencies of physicians. It should already be trained during undergraduate medical education. At University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), medical students can participate in formative key feature examinations in which they work on virtual patient cases in order to apply and deepen the procedural knowledge acquired in lectures and seminars.

Assessing Near-Infrared Optical Tomography's Depth Capability in Imaging Brain Vessels: An Experimental Study.

Advanced brain vessel imaging is crucial for diagnosing and treating brain-related conditions such as lesions and strokes, ultimately enhancing brain health. Among the range of cerebrovascular imaging modalities, near-infrared optical tomography (NIROT) stands out for its cost-effectiveness and brain oxygenation quantification. The objective of this project, as a continuation of our prior simulation study, is to evaluate in vitro the Pioneer system for imaging blood vessels.

Laboratory-based 3D X-ray standing-wave analysis of nanometre-scale gratings.

The increasing structural complexity and downscaling of modern nanodevices require continuous development of structural characterization techniques that support R&D and manufacturing processes. This work explores the capability of laboratory characterization of periodic planar nanostructures using 3D X-ray standing waves as a promising method for reconstructing atomic profiles of planar nanostructures. The non-destructive nature of this metrology technique makes it highly versatile and particularly suitable for studying various types of samples.

Progress and persistence of diseases of high consequence to livestock in the United States.

The USDA/ARS-National Disease Center (NADC) will celebrate its 65th anniversary of existence in November 2026. NADC continues as one of the world's premier animal health research centers conducting basic and applied research on endemic diseases with economic impact on U.S.

Conserved B cell signaling, activation, and differentiation in porcine jejunal and ileal Peyer's patches despite distinct immune landscapes.

Peyer's patches (PPs) are B cell-rich sites of intestinal immune induction, yet PP-associated B cell signaling, activation, and differentiation are poorly defined. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics were completed to study B cells from porcine jejunum and ileum containing PPs. Intestinal locations had distinct immune landscapes, including more follicular B cells in ileum and increased MHC-II-encoding gene expression in jejunal B cells.

Discovery of -Dimethyl-hydroxymethylpyridine Derivatives as Potent Non-nucleoside RSV Polymerase Inhibitors.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA virus infecting the upper and lower respiratory tract and is recognized as a major respiratory health threat, particularly to older adults, immunocompromised individuals, and young children. Around 64 million children and adults are infected every year worldwide. Despite two vaccines and a new generation monoclonal antibody recently approved, no effective antiviral treatment is available.

Multidimensional Analysis of the Adult Human Heart in Health and Disease Using Hierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography.

Background Current clinical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI provide resolution adequate to diagnose cardiovascular diseases but cannot depict detailed structural features in the heart across length scales. Hierarchical phase-contrast tomography (HiP-CT) uses fourth-generation synchrotron sources with improved x-ray brilliance and high energies to provide micron-resolution imaging of intact adult organs with unprecedented detail. Purpose To evaluate the capability of HiP-CT to depict the macro- to microanatomy of structurally normal and abnormal adult human hearts ex vivo.

Antibody reactions of horses against various domains of the EHV-1 receptor-binding protein gD1.

Equid alphaherpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) are closely related and both endemic in horses worldwide. Both viruses replicate in the upper respiratory tract, but EHV-1 may additionally lead to abortion and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). We focused on antibody responses in horses against the receptor-binding glycoprotein D of EHV-1 (gD1), which shares a 77% amino acid identity with its counterpart in EHV-4 (gD4).

Biomarker screen for efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy in patient-derived pancreatic cancer cultures.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a tumour entity with unmet medical need. To assess the therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) against PDAC, different oncolytic viruses (OVs) are currently investigated in clinical trials. However, systematic comparisons of these different OVs in terms of efficacy against PDAC and biomarkers predicting therapeutic response are lacking.

Ab initio-simulated optical response of hot electrons in gold and ruthenium.

Optical femtosecond pump-probe experiments allow to measure the dynamics of ultrafast heating of metals with high accuracy. However, the theoretical analysis of such experiments is often complicated because of the indirect connection of the measured signal and the desired temperature transients. Establishing such a connection requires an accurate model of the optical constants of a metal, depending on both the electron temperature T and the lattice temperature T.