Frequency of morphological phage descriptions.

Bacteriophages are listed by morphotypes and host genera. At least 4.007 phages, belonging to 13 virus families, have been described since 1960.

The species concept and its application to tailed phages.

A recently proposed polythetic definition of virus species appears easily applicable to bacteriophages. Criteria for classification of tailed phages are evaluated. Morphology, DNA homology, and serology are the most important criteria for delineation of species, but no single criterion is satisfactory.

[Cerebellar dysarthria--a review of the literature].

This review summarizes and discusses the literature on speech deficits in cerebellar diseases and on the topography of cerebellar dysarthria. Clinical descriptions of dysarthric features in cerebellar diseases, parametric investigations of ataxic dysarthria, and experimental studies in animals concerning the effects of lesions on vocalization and the representation of sensorimotor orofacial functions in the cerebellum are considered. Signs of cerebellar dysarthria include a slowing down of articulatory movements, increased variability of pitch and loudness, monotonous and "scanning" speech, and articulatory impreciseness.

Large-scale blood substitute production using a microfluidizer.

Microfluidization has been tested as a way to disperse phospholipids in aqueous hemoglobin solutions. Spherical and stable liposomes of 2 to 3 microns were obtained. Lipid incorporation (up to 85%) and hemoglobin encapsulation (up to 15%) in liposomes have been improved with respect to previous investigations.

Articulatory deficits in parkinsonian dysarthria: an acoustic analysis.

Twelve patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease had acoustic speech analysis of sentence utterances to provide information on speech tempo and accuracy of articulation. As a measure of rate of speech the duration of opening-closing movements during articulation was determined from speech wave variables. The intensity of sound emission during articulatory closure as required for stop consonant production, for example, magnitude of p, magnitude of t, magnitude of k, was used as an index of the degree of closure.

Influence of an acoustic preparatory signal on postural reflexes of the distal leg muscles in humans.

In standing subjects the sudden displacement of a platform toe-up evokes a stabilizing postural response of the anterior tibial muscle (long-latency reflex). A preparatory signal (acoustic warning stimulus) preceding the postural perturbation by 1 s results in a significant decrease in latency of this long-latency response. There is no parallel modulation of the afferent cortical input in terms of evoked cerebral potentials following platform tilts toe-up nor of efferent cortico-spinal functions as evaluated by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Influence of posture and voluntary background contraction upon compound muscle action potentials from anterior tibial and soleus muscle following transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were recorded from anterior tibial (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles following transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex in 10 healthy subjects: (1) while standing upright without support, (2) while sitting, and (3) while lying supine. The results of this study demonstrate a significant influence of posture upon the amplitudes of CMAPs. Postural facilitation presented itself, firstly, in terms of a higher incidence of bilateral activation of distal leg muscles during stance and, secondly, as significant enhancement of the amplitude of CMAPs while standing as compared to lying supine.

Cerebellar voice tremor: an acoustic analysis.

Patients with cerebellar disease may exhibit tremulous phonation as part of their dysarthria. The results of an acoustic analysis of cerebellar voice tremor in a patient with hereditary ataxia and presenting with a purely cerebellar syndrome are reported. Analysis included computation of speech intensity contours, fundamental frequency contours, and spectral parameters from sustained productions of vowels and voiceless fricatives.

Morphology of Staphylococcus saprophyticus bacteriophages.

The morphology of 6 bacteriophages isolated from Staphylococcus saprophyticus was studied by electron microscopy. Phages had isometric heads and non-contractile tails, thus belonging to the Siphoviridae family. They were subdivided into two morphological groups based on head diameter and tail length.

A new bacteriophage of Corynebacterium glutamicum isolated from swine waste.

A bacteriophage for Corynebacterium glutamicum strain LP-6 was isolated from swine waste. It belongs to the Siphoviridae family or Bradley morphologic group B, has a narrow host range, and is sensitive to chloroform and resistant to carbon tetrachloride. The phage is unstable (96% inactivation) in swine waste stored for 4 months at 22 C.

[Dysarthrophonia of Parkinson syndrome].

Disorders of speech are a common and sometimes even the first symptom of parkinsonism. The various features of parkinsonian speech disorder include repetitive phenomena, disturbances of respiration, dysphonia, and impairment of articulation. This review aims at summarizing the neurological, phoniatric, and phonetical data regarding symptomatology, pathophysiology, and therapy of parkinsonian dysarthrophonia.

[Comparison of angiography and continuous-wave Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of subclavian stenoses and of the subclavian steal syndrome].

Angiographic control of ultrasonographic findings (continuous-wave (CW) Doppler sonography) at the subclavian artery was performed in 149 patients, altogether 254 subclavian arteries, 89 with and 165 without stenosis or occlusion at Doppler examination. Additionally, in 70 of these persons the vertebral haemodynamic situation was investigated by means of angiography. CW Doppler sonography proved a highly reliable method for the diagnosis of subclavian lesions and subclavian steal syndrome.

[The effectiveness of the new morantel sustained-release trilaminate bolus against gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle in their first grazing period].

The efficacy of a recently developed Morantel-Sustained-Release-Trilaminate-Bolus (Paratect Flex Bolus [PFB]-Pfizer Inc.) against gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle was assessed by monitoring faecal egg counts (EpG), herbage larval counts, serum pepsinogen levels and liveweight gains in first season calves. In two field trials (1987 and 1988), a PFB-Bolus was administered to two different groups of animals (1987: 15 calves; 1988:13 calves) at turnout (29 May 1987; 26 May 1988), control groups were included.

Morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa typing phages of the Lindberg set.

Eighteen phages were studied by electron microscopy. They belonged to eight morphotypes representing the Myoviridae, Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families of tailed phages. Twelve phages were members of known species and six phages belonged to three new species.

Ultrasonographic follow-up of subclavian stenosis and occlusion: natural history and surgical treatment.

Continuous-wave Doppler ultrasonography and clinical examination were used over a 2-year period to monitor the natural history of subclavian stenoses and occlusions in 67 patients. Thirty-nine presented with subclavian steal and 28 without. We also studied an additional group of 29 patients who had undergone surgery for subclavian steal syndrome and vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks.

A Study of 33 Bacteriophages of Rhizobium meliloti.

A total of 33 Rhizobium meliloti bacteriophages were studied. Of those, 21 were isolated in northern France from field soil in which Medicago sativa L. was grown.

Morphology of Brochothrix thermosphacta phages.

Twenty-one Brochothrix thermosphacta phages were examined by electron microscopy. They had isometric heads and contractile or long and noncontractile tails, and were grouped into three species belonging to the Myoviridae (species A19) or Siphoviridae (species NF5 and BL3) families of tailed phages. Species A19 has highly characteristic morphological features and resembles well-known phages of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, indicating phylogenetic relationships between these phages as well as their hosts.

[The effect of microbial protein, obtained on a hydrocarbon base (fermosin), with a defined fatty acid composition on fat metabolism and fat composition in slaughter animals. 1. The effect of fermosin on the composition of broiler depot fat].

A study has been undertaken to investigate the influence of fermosin on the depot-fat composition of broilers and the oxidative stability of these fats in parallel with test animals fed yeast conventional produced on carbohydrate base. The data obtained are discussed with reference to literature.

Changes in sensorimotor functions after spinal lesions evaluated in terms of long-latency reflexes.

Lesions of the central afferent and efferent pathways cause onset-delays of long-latency EMG responses from anterior tibial muscle after passive dorsiflection of the ankle joint in standing subjects. In 23 patients with spinal tumour or cervical stenosis and clinical signs of a medullary lesion, short-, medium- and long-latency EMG responses from distal leg muscles after ankle dorsiflection were recorded prior to and after surgical intervention. Fifteen of the patients were re-examined between 1 and 2 years after surgery.

Stenosis and occlusion of the subclavian artery: ultrasonographic and clinical findings.

Continuous-wave (CW) Doppler sonography has proved to be a reliable tool both to detect subclavian stenosis or occlusion and to detect reversal of blood flow in the vertebral artery. This method is entirely atraumatic and in contrast to angiography allows investigation of asymptomatic patients and provides more representative data for epidemiological studies. The incidence of subclavian stenosis or occlusion was 1.

Bacteriophage taxonomy in 1987.

Ten families and eight genera have been approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and include at least 230 species. A new basic phage group has been found in Archaebacteria. Over 2700 phages are tailed; about 130 are cubic, filamentous or pleomorphic.